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Medical Terminology > Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Gastroenterology Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

the process of chewing, grinding, and tearing food

A

mastication

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2
Q

swallowing

A

deglutition

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3
Q

throat also known as

A

pharynx

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4
Q

the process of moving food toward stomach

A

peristalsis

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5
Q

the stomach is divided into 4 regions

A

cardi, fundus, body, and pylorus

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6
Q

semisolid mixture of partially digested food, saliva, fluid, and enzymes

A

chyme

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7
Q

10 inch C-shaped segment. Digestive enzymes flow from the pancreas and gallbladder flow into this segment of the small bowel

A

duodenum

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8
Q

second part of the small intestine, 8 feet long, moves chyme along, digestion continues in this segment

A

jejunum

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9
Q

12 foot segment where absorption of nutrients is completed

A

ileum

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10
Q

increase the surface area to maximize absorption of nutrients

A

villi

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11
Q

the four sections of colon

A

ascending, transverse, depending, and sigmoid

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12
Q

double layer series membrane. Lines walls of abd and sounds organs

A

peritoneum

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13
Q

peritoneum secrets ______ ____ to fill spaces between organs.

A

peritoneal fluid

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14
Q

supports the stomach and hangs down to cover the small intestine

A

omentum

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15
Q

liver cells

A

hepatocytes

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16
Q

________ produce bile this flows through the hepatic duct towards the duodenum

A

hepatocytes

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17
Q

concentrates and stores bile

A

gallbladder

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18
Q

secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum

A

pancreas

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19
Q

from the pancreas, continues digestion of carbs, _____ in the saliva started this.

A

amylase

20
Q

breaks down small fat globules into fatty acids

A

lipase

21
Q

breaks down sugars, starches, and milk into glucose

A

lactase

22
Q

difficult or painful eating or swallowing

A

dysphagia

23
Q

excessive operating due to an overactive thyroid gland

A

polyphagia

24
Q

inflammation and cracking of the lips and corners of the mouth

A

cheilitis

25
Q

a stone that forms in the salivary gland

A

sialolithiasis

26
Q

inflammation of the oral mucosa

A

stomatitis

27
Q

indigestion with mild epigastric pain

A

dyspepsia

28
Q

swollen protruding veins in the mucosa of the lower esophagus or stomach

A

esophageal varices

29
Q

inflation of the stomach

A

gastritis

30
Q

vomiting of blood because of bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

A

hematemesis

31
Q

chronic irritation, burning, and erosion of the mucosa to form and ulcer

A

peptic ulcer disease

32
Q

tumor of the stomach that begins in the glands in the gastric mucosa

A

adenocarcinoma

33
Q

abnormal absence of peristalsis on the small and large intestines

A

ileus

34
Q

telescoping of one segment of the intestine inside the lumen of the next segment

A

intussusception

35
Q

twisting or oration of the intestine around itself

A

volvulus

36
Q

weakness in the wall of the colon where the mucosa forms a pouch or tube

A

diverticulum

37
Q

bacterial infection of an unusual strand of E coli.

A

dysentery

38
Q

inflammation of the rectum due to radiation treatment

A

proctitis

39
Q

protruding wall of the rectum pushes on the adjacent vaginal wall

A

rectocele

40
Q

blood in feces

A

hematochezia

41
Q

greasy, foul smelling feces that contain undigested fats

A

steatorrhea

42
Q

adhesions

A

fiberous bands that form after surgery in the abdominal cavity

43
Q

inflammation of the peritoneum

A

peritonitis

44
Q

accumulation of ascetic fluid in the abd

A

ascites

45
Q

chronic, progressive inflammation of the liver, eventually degeneration of the liver

A

cirrhosis

46
Q

acute or chronic inflammation of the bile duct because of cirrhosis or gallstones

A

cholangitis

47
Q

one or more gallstones in the gallbladder

A

cholelithiasis

Medical Terminology (7 decks)

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