Gastroenteritis

Question 1

Gastroenteritis viral causes

Answer 1

Rotavirus

adenovirus, astrovirus, calcivirus

Question 2

Gastroenteritis bacterial causes

Answer 2

Campylobacter jejuni, e. coli, salmonella

shigella, vibrio cholerae, listeria, yersinia enterocolitica

Question 3

Gastroenteritis protozoal causes

Answer 3

Entamoeba histolytica
Cryptosporidium parvum
Giardia lamblia

Question 4

Gastroenteritis causes

Answer 4

Viruses, bacteria, protozoa, toxins in contaminated water

Question 5

E. coli number gastroenteritis

Answer 5

0157

Question 6

Improperly cooked meat

Answer 6

S. aureus, C. perfringens

Question 7

Old rice

Answer 7

B. cereus, S. aureus

Question 8

Eggs and poultry

Answer 8

Salmonella

Question 9

Milk and cheeses

Answer 9

Listeria, Campylobacter

Question 10

Canned food

Answer 10

Botulinum

Question 11

Diarrhoea vs dysentry

Answer 11

Dysentery is bloody diarrhoea

Question 12

Diarrhoea develops in 71 y/o who has been in hospital on co-amoxiclav for 1 week

Answer 12

C. diff (>70, ABx)

Question 13

Short-term diarrhoea develops 1-6 hours after eating

Answer 13

Staph aureus

Question 14

Rice water diarrhoea + shock

Answer 14

Vibrio cholera

Question 15

Diarrhoea after eating leafy vegetables

Answer 15

E. coli

Question 16

Diarrhoea after eating reheated rice, suspected cerebral abscess

Answer 16

Bacillus cereus

Question 17

Patient develops diarrhoea with constipation. He mentions he lives by himself, is a poor cook and ate some chicken and eggs at separate meals yesterday. Causative organism?

Answer 17

Salmonella (diarrhoea from eggs, constipation from poultry)

Question 18

Pt develops bloody diarrhoea following chicken consumption

Answer 18

Campylobacter

Question 19

Pt develops bloody diarrhoea, fever, vomiting, and weakness following leafy vegetable consumption

Answer 19

Haemorrhagic E.coli also causing haemolytic uraemic syndrome

Question 20

Pt develops bloody diarrhoea after living in slums of India for 2 weeks

Answer 20

Entamoeba histolytica (poor sanitation + tropical places, homosexual sex)

Question 21

Pt develops bloody diarrhoea after living with a family of 10 in India for 2 weeks

Answer 21

Shigella (person to person contact, poor sanitation, homosexual sex)

Question 22

Pt develops bloody diarrhoea after eating some eggs suspected to be contaminated

Answer 22

Salmonella

Question 23

Gastroenteritis symptoms

Answer 23

VASFAD

• vomiting
• anorexia
• sudden onset nausea
• fever and malaise
• abdominal pain
• diarrhoea +/- blood

Question 24

Gastroenteritis Ix

Answer 24

Examination for dehydration, shock, fever

Bloods - FBC, CRP/ESR, U&Es

Stool MCS

Question 25

D&V electrolyte imbalance

Answer 25

Hypokalaemia

Question 26

Gastroenteritis stool MCS targets

Answer 26

Bacterial pathogens
Ova cysts (eggs)
Parasites

Question 27

Gastroenteritis management with no systemic signs

Answer 27

Supportive - bed rest, fluids/electrolyte replacement with oral rehydration solution
- no stool culture needed

Question 28

Gastroenteritis management with systemic illness (>39oC, dehydration, visible blood, or >2 weeks Hx)

Answer 28

Admit and give oral fluids
- if severe vomiting give IV rehydration
ABx if infective organism identified
- do direct faecal smear then culture for pathogen