Gastroenteritis Flashcards
Bloody diarrhea
Campylobacter (poultry)
C. diff (abx)
E. coli O157:H7 (hemorrhagic) (ground beef)
Salmonella (eggs, poultry, milk, produce)
Shigella (food/water, overcrowding)
Yersinia (pork, produce, puppies)
Entamoeba histolytica (water, poor sanitation)
Watery diarrhea
C. diff (abx) E. coli (enterotoxigenic) (travelers' diarrhea) Vibrio cholerae (water, seafood) Vibrio parahaemolyticus (seafood) Cryptosporidium parvum (food/water, IC)
Food poisoning
Vomiting w/i several hrs of eating, diarrhea later
Bacillus cereus (rice)
S. aureus (room temp food, picnic)
(Vibrio parahaemolyticus, seafood, diarrhea w/i 24 hrs)
Diarrhea w/ cruise ship
Norwalk virus
Diarrhea in summer
Coxsackie virus, echovirus
Diarrhea w/ URI or pinkeye
Adenovirus
Diarrhea w/ greenish color, foul smell, child, in winter
Rotovirus
Viral gastroenteritis Rx
Self-limited (48-72 hrs); hydrate
Diarrhea w/ vomiting w/i several hrs of eating rice
Bacillus cereus
Diarrhea w/ blood after eating poultry
Campylobacter jejuni
Salmonella
Diarrhea w/ Guillain-Barre syndrome
Campylobacter jejuni
Diarrhea w/ honey, home-canned foods
Clostridium botulinum
Diarrhea w/ flaccid paralysis
Clostridium botulinum
Diarrhea w/ recent abx use (esp clindamycin; amp/amox)
Clostridium difficile
Diarrhea w/ gray pseudomembranous colitis
Clostridium difficile
Travelers’ diarrhea
E. coli (entertoxigenic)
Diarrhea w/ blood after eating ground beef
E. coli (enterohemorrhagic, O157:H7)
Possibly campylobacter
HUS
Thrombocytopenia
Hemolytic anemia
Acute renal failure
Usu self-limited, can be fatal
Diarrhea leading to HUS
E. coli O157:H7 (enterohemorrhagic)
Possibly Shigella
Diarrhea w/ vomiting w/i several hours of eating room-temp food
S. aureus
Diarrhea w/ blood after eggs, poultry, milk, produce
Salmonella
MC and 2nd MC foodborne bacterial GI infection
Salmonella
Campylobacter jejuni
Diarrhea w/ blood w/ food/water (overcrowding)
Shigella (‘bacterial dysentery’)
Diarrhea w/ rice water look after water/seafood
Vibrio cholerae
Diarrhea w/ possible rice water look after seafood (oysters)
Vibrio parahaemolyticus
Diarrhea w/ blood after pork, fresh produce, puppy feces
Yersinia enterocolitica
Diarrhea after drinking from stream
Giardia lamblia
Entamoeba histolytica
Diarrhea w/ greasy, foul-smell after surface water in wilderness/other country
Giardia lamblia
Diarrhea w/ blood after water/poor sanitation
Entamoeba histolytica (‘amoebic dysentery’)
Diarrhea w/ liver abscess
Entamoeba histolytica
Diarrhea w/ watery appearance in immunocompromised
Cryptosporidium parvum
Diarrhea w/ myalgias after undercooked pork
Trichinella spiralis Taenia solium (cysticercosis)
Diarrhea w/ periorbital edema after undercooked pork
Trichinella spiralis
Diarrhea w/ cardiac symptoms after undercooked pork
Trichinella spiralis
Diarrhea w/ CNS symptoms after undercooked pork
Trichinella spiralis Taenia solium (neurocysticercosis)
Diarrhea after undercooked pork
Yersinia enterocolitica (bloody) Trichinella spiralis (myalgias, periorbital edema, eosinophilia; CNS/cardiac symptoms) Taenia solium (muscles, CNS symptoms)
Bacillus cereus Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Campylobacter jejuni Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Can use erythromycin
Clostridium botulinum Rx
Botulism antitoxin (not given to infants) Self-limited
Clostridium difficile Rx
Metronidazole
ORAL vancomycin
E. coli (enterotoxigenic) Rx
Self-limited; hydration
often treated w/ fluoro
E. coli (enterohemorrhagic) Rx
Self-limited; hydration
*Abx may worsen symptoms b/c of toxin release
S. aureus Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Salmonella Rx
Self-limited; hydration
IC patients - fluoro
*Abx can prolong carrier state
Shigella Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Cipro, TMP-SMX in severe cases
Vibrio cholerae Rx
HYDRATION
Tetracycline or doxycycline decreases disease length
Vibrio parahaemolyticus Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Yersinia enterocolitica Rx
Self-limited; hydration
Giardia lamblia Rx
Metronidazole, hydration
Entamoeba histolytica Rx
Metronidazole, (paromomycin)
Cryptosporidium parvum Rx
Control immune suppression
Nitazoxanide
Trichinella spiralis Rx
Albendazole
Mebendazole if CNS/cardiac symptoms
Taenia solium Rx
Praziquantel for intestinal/muscle infection
Albendazole + corticosteroids for neurocysticercosis