Gastroenteritis (2)

Question 1

How does it present?

What is Diarrhoea?

What is Dysentery?

What are its complications?

Answer 1

➊ • Diarrhoea
• N+V

➋ Passing of 3+ episodes of watery stool a day

➋ Gastroenteritis w/bloody diarrhoea

➍ • IBS
• Reactive arthritis
• Guillain-Barre syndrome

Question 2

What are its bacterial causes?

What are its viral causes?

What are its parasitic causes?

Answer 2

➊ • Staphylococcus Aureus - found in cooked meats
• Campylobacter Jejuni -
• E.coli - Can cause Haemolytic Uraemic Syndrome (HUS)
• Salmonella - found in raw eggs or poultry
• Shigella - found in faecal-contaminated water/food
• Clostridium perfringens - found in reheated meat dishes or cooked meats
• Yersinia Enterocolitica - found in pigs and raw/undercooked pork

➋ • Rotavirus - most common cause in infants
• Norovirus - most common viral cause for all ages
• Adenovirus

➌ • Giardia
• Schistosoma
• Cryptosporidium

Question 3

Management:
How is it investigated?

What’s important here?

What’s the mainstay of management?

What medications can be given?

Answer 3

➊ Faecal MC&S

➋ Prevent further spread through isolation, good hygiene, and infection control

➌ Rehydration and Fluid replacement

➍ • Anti-diarrhoeal e.g. Loperamide
• Anti-emetic e.g. Metoclopramide
• Abx if severe