gastro test bank Flashcards
most of the gastrin released following a meal is from what
antrum
an increase in intestinal blood flow is caused by a decrease in what
oxygen levels
slow wave frequency is greatest in
duodenum
gastrin, CCK, secretin, motilin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide are secreted from endocrine cells located where
duodenum
oral glucose load is cleared form the circulation more rapidly compared with an intravenous glucose load via what hormone
glucose dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)
main excitatory NT to gut smooth muscle is what
Ach
biopsies are taken from the antral and duodenal mucosa of a 45 yo male. what hormone can be found in tissue homogenates from both locations
gastrin
if one cuts through a segment of small intestine from the outside into the lumen, in what order would the layers of the wall be cut
- serosa
- longitudinal smooth muscle
- myenteric plexus
- submucosa
5 mucosa
28 yo eats a cheeseburger, fries, chocolate shake. release of many GI hormones. the present of fat, carbs, and protein stimulates the release of which hormone from duodenal mucosa
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide (GLIP)
ANS control gut motility by changing what
spike potential frequency
87 yo has full big breakfast. what hormones is released by the presence of fat and protein in the small intestine and helps to decrease gastric emptying
CCK
increase in PSN stimulation causes a decrease in smooth muscle contraction of which structure
fundus
endocrine or hormone secreting cells of the GI tract are located in or closest to which later of the gut wall
mucosa
20 grams oral and intravenous glucose given. why does oral glucose clear from the blood at a faster rate than the intravenous glucose load
glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide - induced by insulin release
high concentrations, gastrin shares multiple effects with which GI peptide
CCK
slow wave frequency is highest at which location
duodenum
what regulates the frequency of slow waves in the small intestine
intrinsic pacemaker cells in smooth muscle
stimulatory effects of gastrin on acid secretion are mediated in part by gastrin-induced secretion of
histamine
what would eliminate receptive relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter and funds portion of the stomach
vagotomy
which elements of defecation process require input from higher centers of the brain in a healthy person under normal conditions
relaxation of external anal sphincter
mass movements distention of the stomach and distention of the duodenum lead to what
bowel movements
achalasia is associated with which of the following at rest and during swallowing
higher than normal pressure at the lower esophageal sphincter
distention of the rectum causes a reflex relaxation of which structure
internal anal sphincter
ileocecal sphincter tone decreases (relaxes) after distention of which structure
ileum
mass movements are often stimulated after a meal by which reflex
gastrocolic reflex
main mixing movement of the stomach is what
retropulsion
after eating breakfast, what delays gastric emptying in the man after eating
tone of orad stomach
swallowing center in the medulla has a critical role in totally inhibiting which of the following when food is swallowed
respiration (breathing)
primary purpose of migrating motility complexes is
sweep undigested residue toward the colon
migrating motility complexes are thought to be stimulated by what
motilin
critical for determining whether a bolus of food is small enough to be swallowed
palatopharyngeal folds
rectal distention causes what
relaxation of internal anal sphincter and contraction of rectum
newborn cannot pass meconium in first 24 hours. diagnosis of hirschsprungs disease. where is the obstruction in his GI
sigmoid colon
mass movements in the large intestine cause what
rectal distention
