Gastro, Neuro, Special Senses Flashcards
mastication
process of breaking down food into smaller particles AKA chewing
peristalsis
involuntary contraction and relaxation of intestinal muscles
defecation
discharge of feces from body
deglutination
movement of substances from the mouth to the stomach via the pharynx and esophagus
gastr/o
stomach
odon/o
tooth
-ology
study of
chol/e
gall/bile
cirrh/o
orange/yellow
-orexia
appetite
-ase
enzyme
abd
abdomen/adominal
GERD
gastroesophageal reflux disease
po
by mouth
enter/o
small intestine
hepat/o
liver
-emesis
vomiting
-rrhea
flow/excessive discharge
lapar/o
abdominal wall/abdomen
-chezia
defecation/eliminaton of waste
-phagia
eating/swallowing
ac
before meals
IBS
irritable bowel syndrome
SOB
shortness of breath
colon/o, col/o
colon/large intestine
-ologist
one who studies
labi/o
lip
-megaly
enlargement
endo-
in/within
-pepsia
digestion
pc
after meals
NG
nasogastric
opthalm/o
eye
OU
each eAR
OD
right eye
AS/AS/AU
right/left/each ear
kerat/o
cornea
ot/o
ear
epi-
on/over/upon
-paresis
weakness
para-
near/beside/alongside/beyond/abnormal
ANS
autonomic nervous system
phas/o
speech
CSF
cerebrospinal fluid
q.i.d.
four times a day
audi/o
hearing
exo-
outward
dacry/o
tear
-esthesia
feeling/sensation
phren/o, psych/o
mind
-algesia
pain/sensitivity
-tropic
turning
HA
headache
ICP
intracranial pressure
cerumen/o
cerumen
blephar/o
eyelid
OS
left eye
O.D.
doctor of optometry
PERRLA
Pupils Equal, Round, Reactive to Light, and Accomodation
myring/o
tympanic membrane/eardrum
lacrim/o
tears
hemi-
half
-otia
ear condition
con-
together/with
cephal/o
head
RN
registered nurse
b.i.d.
two times a day
eso-
inward
-lepsy
seizure
encephal/o
brain
-cele
hernia/swelling/protrusion
CBT
cognitive behavioral therapy
LP
lumbar puncture
H&P
history and physical
CVA
cerebrovascular accident
CNS
central nervous system
PNS
peripheral nervous system
-ptosis
droop/sag/prolapse/protrude
ocul/o
eye
olfact/o
smell
poli/o
gray matter
schiz/o
split
ADHD
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
contus/o
to bruise
somat/o
body
t.i.d.
three times a day
gtt
drops
-cusis
hearing
-opia
vision condition
hypn/o
sleep
-plegia
paresis (muscle weakness)
syncop/o
to cut off/cut short/faint
-rrhapy
suture
EDH
epidural hematoma
r/o
rule out
PET
positron emission tomography
macula
fovea centralis
Anorexia Nervosa
under-eating/no appetite
Appendicitis
inflammation of the appendix, presents troughr RLQ pain, can potentially cause sepsis due to appendix rupture
Appendectomy
laparoscopic procedure to remove the appendix, minimally invasive, outpatient, and fast recovery time
Celiac Disease
gluten allergy caused by an autoimmune condition, starting as an inflammatory response
Cholecystitis
inflammation of the gallbladder, presents as RUQ, usually due to a gallstone
Cholelithiasis
presence of gallstones
Cholecystectomy
laparoscopic procedure to remove the gallbladder, minimally invasive, outpatient, and fast recovery time
Cirrhosis
scarring on the liver caused by either by hepatitis or alcoholism
Hepatitis A (HAV)
contracted through contaminated food/water, more so in developing countries
Hepatitis B/C (HBV/HCA)
contracted through bodily fluids, tx vaccinations
Excessive Alcohol Intake
akin to emphysema scar tissue due to long-term exposure to inhaling toxic substances
Jaundice
caused by cirrhosis, liver is unable to filter blood and certain substances building up in the blood
Colon Cancer
‘up-and-coming’ cancer, can only be caught by doing a colonoscopy
Crohn’s Disease
inexplicable inflammation anywhere in the digestive tract, debilitating pain, renders small/large intestine to not function correctly
Colonectomy
removal of the diseased/inflamed section of the colon and creation of a stoma, repair for Crohn’s or colon cancer
Dental Caries
cavity
Gastroenteritis/Enteritis
inflammation of small intestine and the lining of the stomach ie a tummy ache
Esophageal Varices
veins that supply the esophagus dilate and can rupture d/t cirrhosis, caused by HBV, HCA, or alcohol; if a large vein ruptures, your stomach fills and you can puke it up & is a small vein ruptures, you produce bloody stool
Ascites
excessive fluid accumulates in the abdominal cavity, not like beer belly, hard and carries in the front only
Barium Swallow
imaging test where pt. ingests barium as a contrast agent to examine the GI tract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
pyrosis, or the backward flow of stomach acids into the esophagus, AKA heartburn; tx. includes Acid Blockers (Pepcid) or Acid Buffers (TUMs)
Hiatal Hernia
stomach ruptures through the diaphragm, can cause heartburn as well
Inguinal Hernia
pelvic organs rupture through the groin area into another area
Ileus
intestinal blockage, CAN LEAD TO AN EMERGENCY SITUATION
Intestinal Adhesions
scar tissue development in the bowels, causing an obstruction
Intussuction
intestine spontaneously folds in on itself
Volvulus
intestine twists itself
Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)
autoimmune condition that flips from diarrhea to constipation and back
Peptic Ulcer
ulcer in the stomach, a hole caused by a bacterial infection or overuse of NSAIDs, can cause sepsis
Periodontal Disease
gum disease, where gums recede and teeth are pulled b/c nothing is holding onto them
k, AKA end-stage gingivitis
Alzheimer’s Disease (AD)
idiopathic atrophy of neruons in the brain
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis
degeneration of skeletal motor neruons, AKA Lou-Gehrig’s Disease Stephen Hawking
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
loss of blood supply in the brain, AKA a stroke
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
related to a CVA the way an Angina relates to an MI
Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
contusion from the brain ricocheting off the frontal bone, usually also affecting the occipital lobe, AKA a concussion
Dementia
precursor to AD which may or may not progress to that point
Epidural Hematoma
bleeding d/t trauma between the dura mater and skull, caused by increasing intracranial pressure
Epilepsy
disease that causes seizures d/t brain arrhythmia, seizures can also be caused by high fever or a toxic environment
Headache/Migraine
NOT caused by pain in the brain, as it has no pain receptors
Poliomyelitis
viral infection of the CNS, causes paralysis, vaccine available
Post-polio Syndrome
showing later in life polio symptoms, although far less severe
Shingles
comes from the chickenpox vaccine, reawakening of chicken pox herpes virus in older people typically along the ribs
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
autoimmune disease where myelin is broken down Selma Blair
Guillan-Barre
autoimmune post-bacterial or viral infection that attacks the neuron Travis Frederick
Cerebral Palsy (CP)
congenital abnormal brain development, movement disorder that affects a person’s ability to control their muscles/balance/posture
Parkinson’s
CNS problem with neurotransmitter dopamine causing idiopathic tremors
Glaucoma
intraocular pressure increased, major risk is the damage to the retina/optic nerve, tx is eyedrops and can only be diagnosed by an ophthalmoscope
Macular Degeneration
idiopathic age-related strophy od the macula, incurable
Retinal detachment
spontaneous retina detachment from the choroid layer, EMERGENCY SITUATION
Myopia/nearsightedness
light refraction problem
Hyperopia
farsightedness
LASIK surgery
treats both near and farsightedness
Meniere’s/vertigo
dizziness
Conductive deafness
overuse/old-age hearing loss
Neural deafness
born with this, usually treated through cochlear implants
Tinnitis
ringing, buzzing, whistling in the ear, idiopathic and no tx
