Ch. 5-? Flashcards
Pulmonary Circulation
Right side of the heart to the lungs and back, exchanging CO2 for O2
Systemic Circulation
Left side of the heart to the body and back, exchanging O2 for CO2
Edema
swelling/fluid collection not due to to trauma/infection
Diastole
ventricular relaxation
Systole
ventricular contraction
Blood Pressure (BP)
systole/diastole mmhg
Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)
chronic condition weakening the heart and causing fluid buildup, diminishes the myocardium
Myocardial Infarction (MI)
thrombocytes block vessels leading back to the heart, causing a lack of blood in the myocardium, potential for necrosis, can lead to abnormal EKGs
Angiogram
imaging procedure to look for healthy blood flow by inserting contrast into the bloodstream
Echocardiogram (ECG/EKG)
ultrasound of the heart
Atherosclerosis
hardening of an artery due to fatty plaque, causing arteriostenosis
Arteriostenosis
condition causing narrowing of blood vessels
arteri/o
artery
coron/o
heart
coagul/o
coagulation/clotting
angi/o
vessel (blood)
phleb/o
vein
-stenosis
narrow/tightening
cyan/o
blue
-sclerosis
hardening/thickness
echo-
reflected sound
tachy-
fast
dia-
through/complete
(-emic)/-emia
(pertaining to) a blood condition
brady-
slow
-lytic
pertaining to a breakdown/destruction
sphygm/o
pulse
arther/o
plaque/fatty buildup
son/o
sound
thromb/o
clot
Angina
severe chest pain due to ischemia of myocardium, usually due to exertion, pain resolves post-activity
cyt/o-/-cyte
cell
erythr/o
red
penia
deficiency
tox/o
poison
a-/an-
not/without
pro-
before/forward
macro-
large
STAT
immediately
leuk/o-
white
log/o
study
-rrhage
rupture/bursting forth
phag/o
eat/swallow/engulf
mono-
one/single
HIV
human immunodeficiency virus
hem/a, hem/o, hemat/o
blood
morph/o
shape/form
poly-
many/much
trans-
across
dx
diagnosis
Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA)
balloon is attached to a stent to make room in a vessel for blood cells AKA Balloon Angioplasty
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
treats coronary artery disease (CAD) where arteries become blocked/narrowed to create new blood passage to the myocardium
Hypertension
high blood pressure
Fluoroscopy
live x-ray to see contrast
Pacemaker
regulates the heart’s rhythm by sending electrical impulses through the heart
High-Density Lipoprotein (HDL)
good cholesterol, from whole grains
Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL)
bad cholestrol, from animal protein
Cholestrol
fixes blood vessels but LDL continues to build, potentially causing a blockage which can only be reversed by HDL, normal cholesterol level is ~200 or less
Electrical Current in the Heart
SA node -> atrial contraction -> AV node -> ventricular contraction -> fibrillation
Leukocyte
pronounced nucleus, fights infections in the body which elevates the count AKA white blood cell (WBC)
Erythrocyte
most plentiful blood cell, supplies oxygen to the body, lifespan of ~3 months AKA red blood cell (RBC)
Thrombocyte
plug holes, essential for blood clotting AKA platelets
Plasma
carries ions and antibodies
Anemia
decreased RBC count
Iron deficiency
due to low dietary iron intake, the body can’t produce as many RBCs; tx - consume more iron
Aplastic Anemia
bone marrow isn’t able to produce RBCs, usually d/t chemotherapy
Hemolytic Anemia
disease/trauma causing destruction of RBCs
Sickle Cell Anemia
genetic disorder where bone marrow produce misshapen RBCs, cannot carry as much oxygen and damages capillaries; tx - blood transfusion
Blood Transfusion
donated blood going to a patient
Leukemia
cancer of the bone marrow, where WBCs are overproduced and cannot function properly
Multiple Myeloma
malignant cancer in bone marrow, produces abnormal cells
Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
malignant cancer of spleen, liver, bone marrow, nodes; THE ORGANS
Non-Hodgkin’s Lymphoma
scarier malignant cancer of the lymphocytes; THE CELLS
Apheresis
separating plasma and formed elements using a centrifuge in an effort to remove autoantibodies
Blood Chemistry Profile
test that gives info about heart disease, kidney function, liver function, sugars, cholestrol
Complete Blood Count (CBC)
test that shows how many cells are in the blood
Serology Test
lengthy process, making it unpopular; tests for antigen-antibody reactions, signals presence of infection
Corticosteroids
anti-inflammatory that suppresses the immune system
-itis
inflammation
neo-
new
-pheresis
removal
meta-
change/beyond
-blast
developing cell
-stasis
stoppage of flow
-phoresis
transmission/carrying
-plastic
pertaining to a formation
-globulin
protein
-poiesis
formation
kary/o
nucleus
-oma
tumor/mass
-lysis
breakdown/shortening/loosening
trachea
windpipe
pharynx
throat
larynx
voicebox
Ventilation
process of air moving in and out of the lungs
Respiration
gas exchange
trache/o
trachea/windpipe
carcin/o
cancer
-osmia
smell
ox/o
oxygen
pulmon/o
lung
Cystic Fibrosis (CF)
a genetic disease that causes thick, sticky mucus to build up in the lungs, pancreas, and other organs
CXR
chest x-ray
-pnea
breathing
aspir/o
to breathe in
-metry
process of measuring
resuscit/o
to revive
-capnia
carbon dioxide
Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)
blood test to see oxygen saturation (oximetry), usually performed by a pulmonologist
CPR
cardiopulmonary resuscitation
PFT
pulmonary fitness test
-ectasis
dilation/expansion
nas/o
nose
-phonia
voice
thorac/o
chest
pneum/o
lung/air
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
common lung disease causing restricted airflow and breathing problems
hypoxia
low oxygen level
Ventilator
machine to help breathe when lungs cannot ventilate on their own; puts pt. at a high risk of infection
Endotrachial Intubation (ET)
medical procedure where a flexible tube is inserted into the trachea to maintain an open airway and provide ventilation
Tracheostomy
surgical procedure that creates and opening in the trachea and inserts a tube to provide an airway, creating a stoma
Stoma
artificial opening created through surgery in the body’s surface
