Gastro Diseases Flashcards
Achalasia
Lack of esophageal peristalsis, incomplete relaxation/hypertrophy of lower esophageal sphincter
Gastro-esophageal reflux disease
Exposure of esophagus to gastric juice (heart burn)
Gastropariesis
Delayed gastric emptying
Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)
Umbrella term - chronic abdominal pain and altered bowel habits in absence of any organic cause
Post-infectious IBS
Severe gastoenteritis prior to symptom onset
Diarrhea
Transit of chyme is too fast, less time for water absorption
Consitpation
Transit of chyme too slow, increased water absorption - dries stool making it difficult to move
Hirschsprung’s disease
Infants - distended colon upstream of band of constriction, risk of toxic megacolon, absence of enteric ganglia in constricted segment
Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
Relapsing/remitting inflammation of the GIT
IBD: Ulcerative colitis
Mucosal ulcers in rectum that can spread to colon
IBD: Chron’s disease
Transmural inflammation in GIT, skip lesions in ileum
Choledocholithiasis (Gallstones)
Bile stored in gall bladder from chalk-like structures (too much cholesterol, bilirubin, incomplete gall bladder emptying) that block bile or pancreatic duct
Jaundice
Condiiton produced when excess amounts of bilirubin circulate in blood dissolving subcutaneous fat, causing a yellowish appearance of the skin and the whites of the eyes, sign of liver or gallbladder dysfunction
Chirrhosis
Irrversible fibrosis of liver caused by LT liver inflammation
Acute Pancreatitis
Progressive inflammatory changes in pancreas that result in permanent structural damage
Dry Beriberi
Symmertrical sensory motor peripheral neuropathy (difficulty with moto control) due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Wet Beriberi
CV issues up to heart failure due to vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency
Wernicke-Kordakoff Syndrome
Nystagmus, ophthalmoplegia and ataxia, impaired cognitive function due to alcoholism and resulting deficiency in vitamin B1 (thiamine)
Megaloblastic Anemia
Consequence of vitamin B12 deficiency, large RBC and anemia
Celiac disease
Gluten triggered T-cell mediated autoimmune enteropathy (gliadin) destrtuction of small intestine
Enterohemorrhagic Escheria coli (E. coli 0517-H7)
Verotoxin (Shiga-like toxin) acts through type III secretion system, causes bloody diarrhea
Cholera
Caused by Vibro cholera (fecal-oral transmission), Gram-ve causes severe dehydratingf diarrhea by locking adenylate cyclase into activated form = massive secretion of Cl-, HCO3, Na+, and H2O
Closteriodes difficile
Gram +ve, sore forming, toxin producing bacillus that activates as result of antibacterial treatment, resulting in antiobiotic-associated colitis
Hep A
Acute liver function, affects hepatocytes and Kupffer cells, fecal-oral transmission
Hep B
Acute to chronic liver infection, transmitted through bodily fluids
Hep C
Most common chronic liver infection, RNA virus (flavivirus), blood borne
Gastritis
Stomach inflammation from gasrtic uklceration (breakdown of mucosal layer)
Helicobacter Pylori
Bacterium that thrive in acidic environment of stomach, results in epithelial damage (inflammation), ulceration
