Gastro, Cardio + Diabetes Flashcards
blood results in alcoholic hep? Tx?
AST x2 of ALT
steroids
in ascites, who gets PO cipro?
ascitic protein of 15 g/litre or less
what ascites is low protein and which is high?
low - cancer, low albumin
high - cirrhosis, cardiac
grading for c diff?
mod - high WCC, 3-5 stools
severe - moderate + pyrexial or colitis
life threatning - low BP, ileus, toxic megacolon
Tx for c diff?
PO vanc
fidamixin if reccurrent
life threatening - PO van + oral met
features of mesenteric ischaemic vs ischaemic colitis?
mes - sudden, small bowel, emboli
colitis - bloody diarrhoea, gradual, large bowel
antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis?
ANA + SMA
LKM1 in kids
what abg do alcoholic have?
metabolic acidosis
ketotic
normal glucose
Ix for bile acid malabsorption? Tx?
SeHCAT
cholestyramine
inheritance for haemachromatosis?
aut rec
common bug causing SBP?
E coli
cell type of oesophageal cancer?
lower 1/3rd adeno
upper 2/3 squamous
antibodies in hep B and meaning?
HBsAg - infection
anti HBc - caught
anti HBs - immunised
antibodies in PBC?
AMA
high IgM
biopsy results in crohns?
inflam all layers
granulomas
goblet cells
biopsy results in UC?
not beyond submucoa
crypt abscess
pseudopolyps
Tx for crohns?
acute - steroids, mesal, AZA
AZA for remission
Tx for UC?
rectal aminosalicate + steroid
PO amino sal if L side of colon affected
AZA for remission
Ix for H pylori?
13c urea breath test
urease if post tx
melanosis coli meaning?
laxative abuse
what is wilsons? Tx?
increased copper
penicillamine
results of anaemic of chronic disease?
low TIBC (high in iron def anaemia)
leads in anterior MI? Blood supply?
V1-4
LAD
leads in lateral MI? Blood supply?
I, v5-6,
L circumflex
leads in inferior MI? Blood supply?
II, III, AvF
right coronary
RISK OF HEART BLOCK
leads in posterior MI?
V1-3
time frame for PCI and fibrinolysis?
PCI 120mins
fibrin - 12hrs
types of heart block?
1 - PR >0.2secs (5ss)
II
Mobits 1 - progressively longer PR then drop
Mobits 2 - P waves constant
III - no assoc
when do drugs get given in arrest?
adrenaline asap
3-5 mins
amiodarone if shockable
3rd and 5th shock
Tx for angina?
Bb
+
ccb (verap/dilt)
+ nitrate
GTN, aspirin and statin also
what valves cause S1 and S2?
S1 - M T
S2 - A P
HF Tx?
ACE + Bb
aldosterone agonist
SGLT2 (gliflozin)
HT diagnostic criteria?
clinic >140/90
HBPM >135/85 and QRISK >10%
where do loop diuretics work?
thick ascending loop of henle
aortic regurg features?
early diastolic
collapsing pulse
aortic stenosis features?
ESM
syncope
4th HS
MR features?
post MI/endocarditis
pansystolic
MS features?
mid to late diastolic
loud S1
Malar flush
associated with AF
where do thiazide diuretics work?
inhibit Na reabsorption at DCT
Tx for bradycardia?
atropine
Tx for tachycardia?
vagal manouvres
adenosine (6, 12, 18mg)
if VT - amiodarone
Tx for hypertension in diabetics?
ACE/ARB
what IE do IVDU get?
tricuspid
AF and stroke - when to start DOAC?
2 weeks post
Tx post stroke?
75mg aspirin and 75mg clop (lifelong)
diagnosis for T1DM?
symptomatic
fasting ≥7
random ≥11.1
if asymptomatic, need 2 readings
diagnosis for T2DM?
HBA1c ≥48
fasting ≥7
Tx for T2DM?
metformin
+ SGLT2 if CVD/HF
if no CVD/HF/risk
+ DPP4 / PIO/ SU
SGLT2 examples and side effects?
dapagliflozin
UTI
normyglycaemic DKA
HF
Pioglitazone side effects?
weight gain
fluid retention (avoid in HF)
fractures
bladder cancer
SU examples and side effects?
gliclazide
low BM
weight gain
low Na
peripheral neuropathy
