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AB MSRA > Gastro, Cardio + Diabetes > Flashcards

Gastro, Cardio + Diabetes Flashcards

1
Q

blood results in alcoholic hep? Tx?

A

AST x2 of ALT

steroids

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2
Q

in ascites, who gets PO cipro?

A

ascitic protein of 15 g/litre or less

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3
Q

what ascites is low protein and which is high?

A

low - cancer, low albumin
high - cirrhosis, cardiac

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4
Q

grading for c diff?

A

mod - high WCC, 3-5 stools

severe - moderate + pyrexial or colitis

life threatning - low BP, ileus, toxic megacolon

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5
Q

Tx for c diff?

A

PO vanc
fidamixin if reccurrent

life threatening - PO van + oral met

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6
Q

features of mesenteric ischaemic vs ischaemic colitis?

A

mes - sudden, small bowel, emboli

colitis - bloody diarrhoea, gradual, large bowel

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7
Q

antibodies in autoimmune hepatitis?

A

ANA + SMA

LKM1 in kids

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8
Q

what abg do alcoholic have?

A

metabolic acidosis
ketotic
normal glucose

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9
Q

Ix for bile acid malabsorption? Tx?

A

SeHCAT

cholestyramine

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10
Q

inheritance for haemachromatosis?

A

aut rec

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11
Q

common bug causing SBP?

A

E coli

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12
Q

cell type of oesophageal cancer?

A

lower 1/3rd adeno
upper 2/3 squamous

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13
Q

antibodies in hep B and meaning?

A

HBsAg - infection
anti HBc - caught
anti HBs - immunised

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14
Q

antibodies in PBC?

A

AMA
high IgM

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15
Q

biopsy results in crohns?

A

inflam all layers
granulomas
goblet cells

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16
Q

biopsy results in UC?

A

not beyond submucoa
crypt abscess
pseudopolyps

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17
Q

Tx for crohns?

A

acute - steroids, mesal, AZA

AZA for remission

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18
Q

Tx for UC?

A

rectal aminosalicate + steroid
PO amino sal if L side of colon affected

AZA for remission

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19
Q

Ix for H pylori?

A

13c urea breath test
urease if post tx

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20
Q

melanosis coli meaning?

A

laxative abuse

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21
Q

what is wilsons? Tx?

A

increased copper

penicillamine

22
Q

results of anaemic of chronic disease?

A

low TIBC (high in iron def anaemia)

23
Q

leads in anterior MI? Blood supply?

A

V1-4
LAD

24
Q

leads in lateral MI? Blood supply?

A

I, v5-6,
L circumflex

25
Q

leads in inferior MI? Blood supply?

A

II, III, AvF
right coronary
RISK OF HEART BLOCK

26
Q

leads in posterior MI?

A

V1-3

27
Q

time frame for PCI and fibrinolysis?

A

PCI 120mins
fibrin - 12hrs

28
Q

types of heart block?

A

1 - PR >0.2secs (5ss)

II
Mobits 1 - progressively longer PR then drop

Mobits 2 - P waves constant

III - no assoc

29
Q

when do drugs get given in arrest?

A

adrenaline asap
3-5 mins

amiodarone if shockable
3rd and 5th shock

30
Q

Tx for angina?

A

Bb
+
ccb (verap/dilt)

+ nitrate

GTN, aspirin and statin also

31
Q

what valves cause S1 and S2?

A

S1 - M T
S2 - A P

32
Q

HF Tx?

A

ACE + Bb
aldosterone agonist
SGLT2 (gliflozin)

33
Q

HT diagnostic criteria?

A

clinic >140/90
HBPM >135/85 and QRISK >10%

34
Q

where do loop diuretics work?

A

thick ascending loop of henle

35
Q

aortic regurg features?

A

early diastolic
collapsing pulse

36
Q

aortic stenosis features?

A

ESM
syncope
4th HS

37
Q

MR features?

A

post MI/endocarditis
pansystolic

38
Q

MS features?

A

mid to late diastolic
loud S1
Malar flush
associated with AF

39
Q

where do thiazide diuretics work?

A

inhibit Na reabsorption at DCT

40
Q

Tx for bradycardia?

A

atropine

41
Q

Tx for tachycardia?

A

vagal manouvres
adenosine (6, 12, 18mg)

if VT - amiodarone

42
Q

Tx for hypertension in diabetics?

A

ACE/ARB

43
Q

what IE do IVDU get?

A

tricuspid

44
Q

AF and stroke - when to start DOAC?

A

2 weeks post

45
Q

Tx post stroke?

A

75mg aspirin and 75mg clop (lifelong)

46
Q

diagnosis for T1DM?

A

symptomatic
fasting ≥7
random ≥11.1

if asymptomatic, need 2 readings

47
Q

diagnosis for T2DM?

A

HBA1c ≥48
fasting ≥7

48
Q

Tx for T2DM?

A

metformin

+ SGLT2 if CVD/HF

if no CVD/HF/risk

+ DPP4 / PIO/ SU

49
Q

SGLT2 examples and side effects?

A

dapagliflozin

UTI
normyglycaemic DKA
HF

50
Q

Pioglitazone side effects?

A

weight gain
fluid retention (avoid in HF)
fractures
bladder cancer

51
Q

SU examples and side effects?

A

gliclazide

low BM
weight gain
low Na
peripheral neuropathy

AB MSRA (8 decks)

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