Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CD 3305 > Gastro #1 > Flashcards

Gastro #1 Flashcards

1
Q

dysphagia vs odynophagia

A

dysphagia- difficulty swallowing

odynophagia- painful swallowing (indicates inf process)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

most common diagnostic modalities for esophageal disroders

A

barium swallowing (esophagram)

esophagogastroudodenoscopy (EGD/OGD)

Esophageal manometry

24h pH monitoring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

GERD facts + what is it due to

A

1st identifiable cause for epigastric pain (10-20% of people in the West)

due to excessive relaxation of lower esophageal sphincter (LES)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

risk factors for GERD

A

obesity, old age, hiatus hernia, family hx, meds (Ca2+ channel blockers)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

investigations for GERD if chest pain? (4)

A
  • EKG to exclude heart
  • Clinical dx using proton pump inhibitors
  • gastroscopy
  • espphageal manometry
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

S&S of GERD

A

heart burn, chest pain, dysphagia, odynophagia

chest pain, chronic cough, wheezes (THIS COULD BE HEART CONDITION)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

GERD treatment

A

proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), H2-antaognists

avoid certain foods and weight loss (and raise head in bed)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Big complication from GERD

A

Barrett’s esophagus + esophageal adenocarcinoma

can also have esophagitis, ulcer, bleeding, esophageal stricutre disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is barrels epophagus and what is it due to

A

Metaplasia of normal squamous esophageal epithelium to abnormal columnar epithelium

Due to long standing GERD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what does barrett’s esophagus predispose to?

A

adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Esophageal Motor Disroders (3)

A
  1. Achalasia
  2. Scleroderma
  3. Diffuse Esophageal spasm
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is Achalasia and what is it due to

A

Failure of smooth muscle relaxation at LES (incomplete relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter)

increased LES pressure
progressive loss of peristaltic function

due to malignancy, idiopathic or chagas disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

investigations for achalasia and best test (4)

A 
Chest x ray
Barium studies (birds beak at end of esophagus)- best initial test
endoscopy
manometry- most accurate test
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

most accurate test for scleroderma

A

manometry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Tx for scleroderma

A

Agressive GERD therapy with PPIs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Diffuse Esophageal Spasm (chest pain)- what is it and symptoms

A

Disorder in neural conduction of resulting in esophageal spasm.

Presents as intermittent pain that has no relation with swallowing

17
Q

test to differential diffuse esophageal spasm

A

EKG and cardiac enzymes to rule out cardiac diseases

18
Q

diffuse esophageal spasm investigation finding

A

barium x-ray: corkscrew pattern

19
Q

treatment for DIffuse Esophageal Spasm

A

Clacium channel blockers

20
Q

Esophageal Diverticula def and 3 types

A

Outpouchings of one or more layers of the esophageal tract

  1. Pharyngoesophageal diverticulum
  2. Mid esophageal
  3. Just prox to LES
21
Q

Pharyngoesophageal (Zenker’s) Divertiuculum (Esophageal Diverticula)

A

Most common! - Posterior outpouching

collects food which will rot causing severe HALITOSIS(bad breath) RED

22
Q

Peptic Structure - What be + investigations

A

Presents as dysphagia alongside a long history of reflux symptoms, but reflux symptoms may disappear as stricture develops.

  • Endocopy
  • barium study
23
Q

two conditions that can cause chest pain

A

GERD and diffuse esophageal Spasm

24
Q

Esophagitis def + mc causation

A

Can be due to infection (viral or fungal) or irritation (chemical or pills) - MOST COMMONLY Candida

Infection is rare in immunocompetent persons

25
Q

HALLMARK symptom of esophagitis RED

A

odynophagia

26
Q

Esophageal carcinoma mc type world wide and western world

A

world- Squamous cell carcinoma in upper 2/3 esophagus

western- adenocarcinoma in distal 1/3 of esophagus

27
Q

Risk factors for Squamous Cell Carcinoma (Esophageal carcinoma –> upper 2/3rds of esopahgus (6 s’s)

A 
Smoking
Spirits (alcohol)
Seeds
Scalding (hot liquid)
Strictures
Sack (diverticula)
28
Q

Risk factors for adenocarcinoma

A

barret’s esophagus (MOST IMPORTANT)

Obesity
Gerd
Caucasians

29
Q

red risk factors for adenocarcinoma of esophagus

A

Long standing GERD

Distal 1/3

30
Q

most important investigation for esophageal carcinoma

A

Endoscopic biopsy (EGD with biopsy)

31
Q

Dysphagia + weight loss = ?

A

esophageal pathology

32
Q

Dysphasia + weifht loss + heme +ve stool/Anemia = ?

A

cancer

33
Q

Major sign of esophageal perfortation

A

Boerhaave’s syndrome - repeated, froceful vomiting

34
Q

Esophageal perforation conditions BOTH associated with forceful emesis(vomiting)

A

Boerhave’s syndrome (transmural esophageal perfortation)

MAllory-Weiis tear (Non-transmural esophageal tear - partial thickness)

35
Q

Hiatal Hernia - Sliding hiatus hernia type 1

A

90% of esophageal hernias

Herniation of both the stomach and the gastroesophageal (GE) junction into thorax

36
Q

Paraesophageal hiatus hernia (type 2)

A

Herniation of all or part of the stomach through the esophageal hiatus into the thorax with an !!!!! undisplaced GE junction !!!!!!!

37
Q

what is a type 3 (mixed hiatus hernia) and type 4 hernia

A

type 3- Combo of typw 2 + 3

Type 4- Herniation of the stimach and organs into the thorax

CD 3305 (15 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions