Gastritis Akut & Kronik Flashcards

1
Q

Apa itu gastritis?

A

Inflamasi mukosa gaster

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2
Q

Klasifikasi utama gastritis & penyebabnya? (2)

A
  1. Gastritis akut (erosif –> NSAID, nonerosif –> H. pylori)
  2. Gastritis kronik (H. pylori, NSAID, alkohol, autoimun)
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3
Q

Dasar patogenesis gastritis?

A

Ketidakseimbangan faktor defensif & agresif

Defensif = mukus, bikarbonat, PGE2
Agresif = NSAID, H. pylori, alkohol
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4
Q

Patogenesis gastritis akibat NSAID?

A

Konsumsi NSAID berlebihan –> gangguan sintesis PGE2 –> gangguan sekresi mukus & bikarbonat pada gaster

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5
Q

Lokasi gastritis akut akibat NSAID?

A

Curvatura major gaster

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6
Q

Patogenesis gastritis akibat infeksi H. pylori?

A

H. pylori –> sekresi toksin & enzim –> mengaktifkan IL-8 –> stimulasi sel imun untuk datang ke tempat inflamasi –> inflamasi –> kerusakan sel yang produksi asam lambung –> penurunan keasaman gaster

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7
Q

Bagaimana H. pylori bisa melindungi diri dari asam lambung?

A

H. pylori mengubah urea menjadi CO2 & NH4 –> melindungi diri dari asam lambung

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8
Q

Lokasi gastritis akut akibat H. pylori?

A

Antrum gaster (tingkat keasaman paling rendah)

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9
Q

Manifestasi klinis gastritis akut & kronis

A

Dispepsia, nyeri epigastrium, heartburn, mual muntah, kembung, tidak nafsu makan

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10
Q

Anamnesis gastritis akut? (5)

A
  1. Rasa sakit epigastrium
  2. riwayat penyakit serupa (peptic ulcer, GERD, gastritis)
  3. riwayat endoskopi
  4. riwayat pengobatan (NSAID, kortiko)
  5. alkohol
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11
Q

Pemeriksaan fisik gastritis akut?

A

Rasa sakit/nyeri epigastrium

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12
Q

PP gastritis akut? (4)

A
  1. CBC (erosif –> pendarahan –> anemia)
  2. endoskopi (mukosa gaster menebal, memerah, edema; terlihat ulserasi/erosi)
  3. biopsi (gold standard)
  4. tes H. pylori nonendoskopi
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12
Q

Biopsi gastritis akut pada bagian? (3)

A
  1. Antrum (2 spesimen; paling penting karena tempat predileksi & pH paling tidak asam)
  2. corpus (2 spesimen)
  3. incisura (1 spesimen)
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13
Q

Tes H. pylori nonendoskopi ada apa aja? (3)

A
  1. HpSA (H .pylori stool antigen test) –> antigen bakteri di feses
  2. Urea breath test –> makan urea –> mengukur CO2 & NH4 pada napas
  3. Antibodi H. pylori serum (paling kurang spesifik)
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14
Q

Tatalaksana gastritis akut?

A
  1. perubahan gaya hidup (kurangi NSAID, hindari alkohol, stres, makanan pedas)
  2. farmakologis
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15
Q

Farmakologis gastritis akut & dosis?

A
  1. PPI
  2. Antacid
  3. H2 receptor blocker
  4. Terapi kombinasi
16
Q

Nama & dosis PPI untuk gastritis akut?

A

Omeprazole 20 mg/hari

17
Q

Nama & dosis antacida untuk gastritis akut?

A

Antasida doen (magnesium hidroksida 200 mg + alumunium hidroksida 200 mg) 1-2 tablet/3-4x sehari

18
Q

Nama & dosis H2 receptor blocker untuk gastritis akut?

A

Ranitidine 2x150 mg/hari

19
Q

Konsep & terapi kombinasi (triple therapy) untuk gastritis akut? (3)

A

konsep = obat maag 1 + antibiotik 2

  1. bismuth 2 tab + metronidazole 250 mg + tetracycline 500 mg
  2. Ranitidine + metronidazole 500 mg + tetracycline 500 mg
  3. Omeprazole 20 mg + clarithromycine 250 mg + metronidazole 500 mg
20
Q

Quadruple Therapy?

A

2 obat maag + 2 antibiotik

Omeprazole 20 mg + Bismuth subsalicylate 2 tab + Metronidazole 250 mg + Tetracycline 500 mg