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Physiology and Neuroscience Semester 1 > Gastric secretion > Flashcards

Gastric secretion Flashcards

1
Q

What does mechanical digestion consist of?

A

Chewing (mouth)
Churning (stomach)
Segmentation (small intestine)

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2
Q

What is propulsion?

A

Swallowing (oropharynx)

Peristalsis (oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine)

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3
Q

What is the stomachs anatomy?

A

Mucosa
Submucosa- contains submuscosal plexus
Muscularis externa- contains myentric plexus
Serosa

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4
Q

Where does gastric secretion occur?

A

In the lumen

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5
Q

What is stomach mucosa composed of?

A

Simple columnar epithelium

Gastric pits

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6
Q

What do gastric pits lead to?

A

Gastric glands

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7
Q

What do gastric glands produce?

A

Gastric juice

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8
Q

What is Wheater’s Functional Histology of stomach mucosa?

A

F- foveolae (gastric pits)
CC- chief cells
MM- muscularis mucosae
SM- submucosa

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9
Q

What do gastric glands in the fundus and body of the stomach produce

A

Most of the gastric juice (oxyntic glands)

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10
Q

What does gastric juice aid in?

A

Stomach functions

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11
Q

What do gastric glands comprise?

A

Hydrochloric acid
Pepsinogen
Intrinsic factor
Mucus

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12
Q

What are some examples of gastric gland cells?

A

Parietal cells
Chief cells
Mucous cells

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13
Q

What do Parietal cells do?

A

Secrete intrinsic factor

Secrete HCl

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14
Q

Why is intrinsic factor needed in the body?

A

Needed for absorption of Vitamin B12

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15
Q

Why is HCL needed in the body?

A

Because it has a pH of roughly 1-3, it has the ability to:
Kill microbes
Denatures proteins
Activate enzymes

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16
Q

What do Chief cells do?

A

Secrete pepsinogen

Secrete gastric lipase

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17
Q

Why is pepsinogen needed in the body?

A

Converted to pepsin by HCL

Breaks certain peptide bonds

18
Q

Why is gastric lipase needed in the body?

A

Splits short-chain triglycerides into fatty acids and monoglycerides

19
Q

What to mucous cells do?

A

Secrete mucous
Superficial epithlia
Mucuous neck celss

20
Q

What does mucous do in the body?

A

Forms a protective barrier

Has alkaline properties

21
Q

What is gastropathy?

A

Damage to stomach mucosa

22
Q

What can damage stomach mucosa?

A

Can by caused by drugs, infection, stress, alcohol, radiation therapy

23
Q

What does damage to stomach mucosa cause?

A

Usually leads to ulceration

24
Q

How is gastric secretion regulated?

A

Neural and hormonal mechanisms

25
Q

What type of events regulate gastric secretion?

A

Stimulatory and inhibitory events

26
Q

What are the 3 phases to regulate gastric secretion?

A

Cephalic (reflex) phase: few minutes prior to food entry
Gastric phase: 3–4 hours after food enters the stomach
Intestinal phase: brief stimulatory effect as partially digested food enters the duodenum, followed by inhibitory effects

27
Q

What is the cephalic phase?

A

Smell, sight, thought, taste of food activates CNs
Facial, glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves are activated
Salivary and gastric glands are activated
Prepares mouth and stomach for food

28
Q

What is the gastric phase?

A

Food distends the stomach and stimulates stretch receptors
Chemoreceptors in stomach detect increase in pH
peristalsis and gastric juice secretion
Chyme empties into duodenum
↓pH and ↓distension

29
Q

What type of feedback loop is the gastric phase?

A

Negative

30
Q

What is gastric secretion regulated by?

A

Gastrin

31
Q

What is gastrin released by?

A

G cells of gastric glands

32
Q

What is gastrin released in response to?

A

Released in response to food in stomach and parasympathetic stimulation

33
Q

Where is gastrin released into?

A

Bloodstream

34
Q

What does gastrin stimulate?

A

Stimulates gastric juice secretion and prevents acid reflux

35
Q

What is gastrin inhibited by?

A

Inhibited when pH < 2.0 – negative feedback

36
Q

Where does the intestinal phase begin?

A

Small intestine

37
Q

What does the intestinal phase inhibit?

A

Exit of chyme from stomach
Inhibition of gastric motility
Contraction of pyloric sphincter

38
Q

What does the intestinal phase inhibit?

A

Gastric secretions

39
Q

What does the intestinal phase promote?

A

Digestion of food in SI

Neural enterogastric reflex

40
Q

What is the hormonal element in the intestinal phase?

A

CCK and secretin

Physiology and Neuroscience Semester 1 (21 decks)

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