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Clinical Microscopy > Gastric Fluid > Flashcards

Gastric Fluid Flashcards

1
Q

What does parietal cells produce

A

HCl and Intrinsic Factor

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2
Q

What is required for Vitamin B12 absorption

A

Intrinsic Factor

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3
Q

It produces pepsinogen

A

Peptic cell/Chief cell

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4
Q

It catalyzes the degradation of proteins

A

Pespsinogen

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5
Q

It produces gastrin

A

Specialized G cells

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6
Q

It hydrolyze peptide and disaccharides and converts pepsinogen to pepsin

A

HCl

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7
Q

It is a mucus-producing cells that cover the inside of the stomach

A

Faveolar/Goblet cell

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8
Q

It acts as a barrier to protect gastric mucosa from acid autodigestion

A

Mucus

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9
Q

A major digestive enzyme catalyzing proteolysis at pH 1.6 to 3.6

A

Pepsin

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10
Q

At what pH does pepsin catalyzes proteolysis

A

1.6 to 3.6

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11
Q

It is important in the digestion of fats especially when pancreatic function is not well developed (in neonates) or is compromised (in cystic fibrosis)

A

Gastric lipase

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12
Q

What are the pathological contents of gastric juice

A

Organic acids (chiefly lactic acid)
Blood,
Bile
Pus and Mucus
Trypsin

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13
Q

It is a non-beta islet cell adenoma of the pancreas

A

Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

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14
Q

It is an anti-parietal cell and anti-intrinsic factor antibody

A

Pernicious Anemia

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15
Q

In gastric fluid collection how many hours should the px fast?

A

12 or 15 hours with no mediation

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16
Q

TRUE or FALSE. Px are not allowed to swallow large amount of saliva during collection

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Method of collection for gastric fluid collection

A

gastric aspiration

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18
Q

For gastric and duodenal contents collection, with METAL TIP, swallowed by gravity, inserted through the MOUTH

A

Rehfuss Tube

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19
Q

Gastric collection, rubber, smallest diameter, inserted through the NOSE

A

Levine Tube

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20
Q

Translucent pale gray w/ Mucus; faint acrid or sour

A

Normal gastric fluid

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21
Q

Large amount of bile

A

Yellow-green

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22
Q

Small amount of blood

A

Red

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23
Q

Normal volume (fasting specimen)

A

20-100 mL

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24
Q

Normal gastric pH

A

1.5-3.5 or 1.6-1.9

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25
Q

Total gastric secretion during unstimulated, fasting state

A

Basal Acid Output

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26
Q

Total gastric secretion after gastric stimulation

A

Maximum Acid Output

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27
Q

Synthetic analog of gastrin and the stimulant of choice (most preferred)

A

Pentagastrin

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28
Q

Histamine isomer with preferential effect on gastric acid secretion

A

Histalog

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29
Q

Normal Basic Acid Output (BAO)

A

0-6 mEq/hr (mmol/hr)

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30
Q

Normal Maximum Acid Output (MAO)

A

5-40 mEq/hr (mmol/hr)

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31
Q

Normal BAO/MAO

A

<0.4

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32
Q

Test meal that uses bread and tea without sugar or water
Routinely used

A

Ewald’s meal

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33
Q

Test meal that is composed of oat meal; recommended for lactic acid detection

34
Q

Test meal that is composed of beef steak and mashed potato; recommended for detection of achylia and hypoacidity

35
Q

Test meal that utilizes ethyl alcohol and methylene blue; detects regurgitation of alkaline material from duodenum in stomach by the change of blue to greenish blue

A

Alcohol test meal/Lavine’s

36
Q

Used to assess vagotomy procedure (induce hypoglycemia)

37
Q

BAO= 0 mEq/hr
MAO= 0 mEq/hr
BAO/MAO= 0

A

Pernicious Anemia

38
Q

Zollinger Ellison Syndrome
BAO=___________
MAO=__________
BAO/MAO=_____

A

BAO= .15 mEq/hr
MAO= 25 mEq/hr
BAO/MAO= 0.72

39
Q

BAO= 5 mEq/hr
MAO= 30 mEq/hr
BAO/MAO= 0.17

A

Duodenal ulcer

40
Q

Color. Old blood (from gastritis, ulcer or carcinoma or swallowed from the mouth, nasopharynx or lungs

A

Coffee ground

41
Q

Terms. Normal free HCl

A

Euchlorhydria

42
Q

Increase of free HCl; peptic ulcers

A

Hyperchlorhydria

43
Q

Disease associated with hyperchlorhydria

A

Peptic Ulcer
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome

44
Q

Decrease free HCl, Gastric fluid pH>3.5 but falls after gastric stimulation

A

Hypochlorydria

45
Q

Disease associated with hypochlorydria

A

Gut Peptide (GIP)
Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) Somastotatinoma
Cobalamin def.

46
Q

Absence of free HCl; Gastric fluid pH>3.5 but does not fall after gastric stimulation

A

Achlorydria

47
Q

Disease associated with achlorhydria

A

Pernicious Anemia

48
Q

Failure to produce a pH <6.0 following gastric stimulation

49
Q

Disease associated with anacidity

A

Pernicious Anemia

50
Q

Tubeless gastric analysis

A

Diagnex blue

51
Q

Sample for Diagnex blue test

52
Q

appearance of azure blue is an indication that __________ is present in the stomach

53
Q

Physical Examination. normal quantity varies but large quantity signifies catarrhal type of gastritis

54
Q

Physical Examination. Minute particles as a result of excessive straining while the tube is in the stomach. Large amounts are rare, indicates upper intestinal obstruction

55
Q

Qualitative test for Free HCl. Alcohol solution

A

Dimethylamino-azobenzol

56
Q

Qualitative test for Free HCl.
Phloroglucin, vanillin, and alcohol

A

Gunzberg’s

57
Q

Qualitative Test for Free HCl
Resublimed resorcinol, cane sugar, alcohol

58
Q

Positive Result for Dimehtylamino-azobenzol

A

Cherry-red color

59
Q

Positive result for Gunzberg’s

A

Purplish-red color

60
Q

Positive result for Boas

A

Rose-red color

61
Q

Trypsin activity sample

A

Random fresh stool

62
Q

positive for Trypsin activity

63
Q

urobilinogen qualitative test sample

A

Random stool

64
Q

urobilinogen quantitative test sample

A

24 hour stool

65
Q

Gastric occult blood test sample

A

Vomitus/aspirate

66
Q

GOBT
bloody intubation, undercooked meat & PO containing foods

67
Q

GOBT
Ascorbic Acid

68
Q

Positive for Diagnex blue

69
Q

Positive for qualitative urobilinogen test

A

40-200 mg/24hr

70
Q

Positive for quantitative urobilinogen test

A

80-200 Ehrlich unit/24hr

71
Q

Positive for GOBT

A

Blue quinone

72
Q

Quantitative Test.
Free HCl-Topfer’s method
Indicator__________

A

dimethylamino-azobenzol

73
Q

Quantitative Test.
Free HCl-Topfer’s method
Endpoint_______

A

Canary Yellow

74
Q

Quantitative Test.
Total Acidity
Indicator___________

A

Phenolphthalein

75
Q

Quantitative Test.
Total Acidity
Endpoint__________

A

50-75 degrees

76
Q

Quantitative Test.
Combined HCl
Indicator________

A

Sodium alizarin

77
Q

Quantitative Test.
Combined HCl
Endpoint_________

78
Q

Normally absent; if lactic acid is present, it indicates_____________

A

ADVANCED GASTRIC CANCER

79
Q

Mucus: separates into 3 layers on standing
- Top:____________
- Middle:______________
- Bottom:______________

A

Mucus
Opalescent fluid
sediments

Clinical Microscopy (6 decks)

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