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Clinical Microscopy > Cerebrospinal Fluid Analyis > Flashcards

Cerebrospinal Fluid Analyis Flashcards

1
Q

3rd Major Body Fluid

A

Cerebrospinal Fluid

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2
Q

Produce a mechanical barrier to cushion the brain & spinal cord against trauma

A

CSF

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3
Q

Lines the skull & vertebral canal

A

Dura Mater

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4
Q

Filamentous inner membrane

A

Arachnoid Mater

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5
Q

portion where CSF flows

A

Subarachnoid space

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6
Q

Lines the surface of brain & spinal cord

A

Pia Mater

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7
Q

Hard Mother (Outer Layer)

A

Dura Mater

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8
Q

Spiderweb-like

A

Arachnoid Mater

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9
Q

Soft Mother (Innermost layer)

A

Pia Mater

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10
Q

Produces CSF by selective filtration at a rate of 20 mL/hour

A

Choroid Plexus

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11
Q

Produces CSF by selective filtration at a rate of ____________

A

20mL/hour

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12
Q

Reabsorbs CSF

A

Arachnoid Villi/Granulations

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13
Q

Protects brain from chemicals & other substances circulating in the blood that can harm the brain tissue

A

Blood Brain Barrier (BBB)

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14
Q

Disruption of _________ allows White blood cells, proteins & other chemicals to enter the CSF

A

BBB

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14
Q

CSF Total volume for Adults

A

90-150mL

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15
Q

CSF Total volume for Neonates

A

10-60mL

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16
Q

Up to 20 mL CSF can be collected by ____________

A

Lumbar Puncture

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17
Q

Lumbar Puncture site for adults

A

3rd and 4th lumbar vertebrae

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18
Q

Lumbar Puncture site for children

A

5th lumbar vertebrae

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19
Q

Tube 1 for CSF

A

Chemistry/Serology

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20
Q

Tube 2 for CSF

A

Microbiology

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21
Q

Tube 3 for CSF

A

Hematology

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22
Q

Storage for Tube 1

A

Freezing Temp. ( -15 to -30 C)

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23
Q

Storage for Tube 2

A

Room Temp (19-26 C)

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24
Q

Storage for Tube 3

A

Ref. Temp (2-8 C)

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25
Q

Position for Lumbar Tap

A

Lateral Decubitus Position/Fetal Position

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26
Q

Up to __________ of volume can be removed safely for CSF collection

A

20mL

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27
Q

Device used to measure intracranial pressure

A

Manometer

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28
Q

least affected by blood or bacteria introduced by spinal tap

A

Tube 1

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29
Q

usually designated for microbiology

A

Tube 2

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30
Q

least likely to contain cells introduced by the spinal tap

A

Tube 3

31
Q

better exclusion of skin contamination or for additional tests

A

Tube 4

32
Q

If only one tube is collected/ LOW-VOLUME specimen in one tube

A

Microbiology-> Hematology->Chemistry/Serology

33
Q

do not discard and kept frozen until there is no further use for it

A

Excess CSF

34
Q

Normal appearance of CSF fluid

A

Crystal Clear

35
Q

Clear

A

0

36
Q

newsprint cannot be read through the fluid

A

4

37
Q

Inc. WBC (>200/uL)
RBC (>400/uL)
Lipids & proteins
microorganism

A

Hazy/Turbid/Milky/Cloudy

38
Q

Radiographic Contrast Media

A

Oily

39
Q

Protein & clotting factors, meningitis, Froin syndrome, blockage of CSF circulation

A

Clotted

40
Q

Tubercular meningitis

A

Pellicle

41
Q

Due to hemoglobin degradation products

A

Xanthochromic

42
Q

Slight amount of oxyhemoglobin

A

Pink

43
Q

heavy hemolysis

A

Orange

44
Q

conversion of oxyhemoglobin to unconjugated bilirubin

A

Yellow

45
Q

Other causes of Xanthochromia

A

Increase carotene
Melanoma
Protein (>150 md/dL)
Rifampin

46
Q

Increase RBC (>6000/uL)

A

Bloody

47
Q

Puncture of the blood vessel

A

Traumatic Tap

48
Q

Bleeding within the braincase

A

Intracranial Hemorrhage

49
Q

Process to examine a blood fluid for the presence of xanthochromia

A

Centrifuged in microhematocrit tube

50
Q

Detects the fibrin degradation product D-dimer
Indicates fibrin formation at a hemorrhage site

A

D-dimer by Latex Agglutination Immunoassay

51
Q

Distribution of blood on 3 tubes in Traumatic Tap

A

UNEVEN

52
Q

Distribution of blood on 3 tubes in Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

EVEN

53
Q

Clot formation in Traumatic Tap

A

Positive

54
Q

Clot formation in Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

Negative

55
Q

Supernatant of Traumatic Tap

A

Clear

56
Q

Supernatant of Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

Xanthochromic

57
Q

Erythrophage
(Macrophages w/ ingested RBCs) in Traumatic Tap

A

Absent

58
Q

Erythrophage
(Macrophages w/ ingested RBCs) in Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

Present

59
Q

D-dimer test for Traumatic Tap

A

Negative

60
Q

D-dimer Test for Intracranial Hemorrhage

A

Positive

61
Q

Xanthochromia in NEONATES results from a combination of increased _________ and _________ due to immaturity in the BBB

A

Bilirubin and Protein

62
Q

Normal
Viral tubercular & fungal meningitis
Multiple sclerosis

A

Lymphocytes and Monocytes

63
Q

Bacterial meningitidis; early cases of viral, tubercular & fungal meningitis; cerebral hemorrhage

A

Neutrophil

64
Q

Parasitic & Fungal; Coccidioidal meningitis; CNS shunts

A

Eosinophils

65
Q

With RBCs in spinal fluid

A

Macrophages

66
Q

May contain phagocytized RBCs appearing as empty vacuoles or ghost cells, hemosiderin granules, and hematoidin crystals

A

Macrophage

67
Q

Blast form

A

Acute Leukemia

68
Q

Lymphoma cells

A

Disseminated Lymphomas

69
Q

Plasma cells

A

Multiple Sclerosis
Guillain-Barre Syndrome

70
Q

Ependymal, Choroidal and Spindle shaped Cells

A

Diagnostic procedures

71
Q

Malignant Cells

A

Primary and Metastatic Carcinomas

72
Q

Performed on stained smear

A

CSF Differential Count

73
Q

Specimen should be concentrated before smearing by using the following:

A

Cytocentrifugation
Centrifugation
Sedimentation
Filtration

74
Q
A

Clinical Microscopy (6 decks)

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