Gases In The Atmosphere Flashcards by Olivia Dunnell

What% of nitrogen is in the air?

78%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What % of oxygen is in the air?

21%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What % of argon is in the air?

0.93%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What % of carbon dioxide is in the air?

0.04%

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Order or abundance of gases in the atmosphere (highest-lowest)

Nitrogen
Oxygen
Argon
Carbon dioxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the atmosphere?

The layer of gases that surrounds the earth

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is the scientific name for rust?

Hydrated iron (III) oxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oxygen and iron rusting

Iron reacts with the oxygen in the air to make iron oxide
The water rises to fill the space the oxygen had taken up

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equation for % of oxygen in the air (volume of air)

Start volume - final volume
————————————— x 100 for %
Start volume

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when you burn something in the air?

It reacts with the oxygen in the atmosphere to form an oxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What something reacts in the air to form an oxide what can it be?

Acidic
Alkaline
Neutral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equation for magnesium reacting with oxygen

2Mg(s) + O2(g) —> 2MgO(s)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when magnesium reacts with oxygen?

Burns with a bright white flame
White powder is formed (magnesium oxide)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is magnesium oxide when dissolved in water (pH)?

Alkaline

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equation for hydrogen reacting with oxygen

2H2(g) + O2(g) —> 2H2O(g)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when hydrogen reacts with oxygen?

Burns easily
Produces a pale blue flame
Forms water vapour

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is water vapour when dissolved in water (pH)?

Neutral

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Equation for sulfur reacting with oxygen

S(s) + O2(g) —> SO2(g)

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What happens when sulfur reacts with oxygen?

Burns with a pale blue flame
Produces sulfur dioxide

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What is sulfur dioxide when dissolved in water (pH)?

Acidic

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do metals form when burned?

Ionic compounds

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do ionic compounds contain?

Oxide ions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What will usually form if a metal oxide dissolves in water?

Alkaline solution

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What do non-metals form when burned?

Covalent oxides

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

What will usually form if a non-metal oxide is dissolved in water?

Acidic solution

If you thermally decompose a metal carbonate what will it produce?

Carbon dioxide (CO2)

What is thermal decomposition?

To break something down using heat

What happens when a metal carbonate is heated?

It will break apart into a metal oxide and carbon dioxide

Equation for thermal decomposition of metal carbonates

Metal carbonate —> metal oxide + carbon dioxide

What colour is copper (II) carbonate?

Green powder

What happens when you heat copper (II) carbonate?

It will decompose into copper (II) oxide and CO2

What colour is copper (II) oxide?

Black

Equation for thermal decomposition of copper (II) carbonate

CuCO3(s) —> CuO(s) + Co2(g)

What colour does the powder change to (thermal decomposition of copper (II) carbonate)?

Green —> black (copper (II) oxide)

Equation for thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate

ZnCO3(s) —> ZnO(s) + CO2(g)

What colour does the powder change to (thermal decomposition of zinc carbonate)?

White powder —> yellow (zinc oxide)

Equation for thermal decomposition of magnesium carbonate

MgCO3(s) —> MgO(s) + CO2(g)

What colour does the powder change to (thermal decomposition of magnesium carbonate)?

White powder —> white powder (magnesium oxide)

How is heat energy absorbed and re-emitted?

1) heat energy from sun reaches the ground (short wavelength) 2) some energy is absorbed and heats up the ground 3) most is re-emitted or reflected back into the atmosphere towards space (long wavelength) 4) some energy makes it back into space but most ends up hitting particles of gas in the atmosphere 5) particles absorb the energy and after a short delay they re-emit that energy in random directions 6) most of the energy will collide with other gas particles (cycle keeps repeating) —> heat energy stays close to earth which keeps it at a warm and stable temperature

Which particles are in the atmosphere?

Methane Water vapour Carbon dioxide

What is the warming the gases in the atmosphere called?

The greenhouse effect

What are the gases in the atmosphere that cause warming called?

Greenhouse gases

What does human activity produce a lot of?

The greenhouse gases —> their concentration in our atmosphere is increasing

Because the concentration of the gases in our atmosphere are increasing, what does this mean?

The greenhouse felt is getting stronger - led to global warming

What are two ways carbon dioxide levels are rising?

Burning loads of fossil fuels Deforestation

Burning loads of fossil fuels (carbon dioxide levels rising)

Releases the carbon that was ‘locked up’ inside the fuel as carbon dioxide

Deforestation (carbon dioxide levels rising)

Chopping down loads of trees: fewer trees means less CO2 is removed from the atmosphere via photosynthesis

What are two ways methane levels are rising?

Farm animals producing methane during digestion We produce huge amounts of waste

Farm animals producing methane during digestion (methane levels rising)

It then gets released into the atmosphere

We produce huge amounts of waste (methane levels rising)

Releases methane as it’s decomposed by microorganisms

What is climate change?

All of the consequences of global warming and the effects on the climate (Long term weather patterns)

What are two consequences of climate change?

Rare weather events Sea levels rising

Rare weather events (climate change consequences)

Droughts, hurricanes, floods will become more common and severe

Sea levels rising (climate change consequences)

Higher temperatures cause more ice to melt As the water in the oceans warm up it expands - sea levels rise even more (volume increases) —> seasonal flooding and submersion of entire islands/coastal towns

What are 3 general impacts of climate change?

Temperature rising Rainfall patterns changing Species perfectly adapted to their environment might not be able to survive anymore

What might happen with some species (adaptations to their environment)

Might be able to adapt to the new conditions or migrate to other regions where the conditions are better

What is likely to fall dramatically in the coming decades?

Biodiversity

Why is argon a noble gas?

It is very unreactive

What is one non-biological use of carbon dioxide?

Fire extinguishers

What environmental problem does carbon dioxide contribute towards and what is one possible effect?

Climate change - polar ice caps melting

What type of oxides do metals make?

Basic oxides

What type of oxides do non-metals make?

Acidic oxides

How many oxygens are in a monoxide?

How many oxygens are in a dioxide?