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Honors Chem 1320 > Gases and Thermo > Flashcards

Gases and Thermo Flashcards

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1
Q

gases

A

a collection of particles moving at random through a primarily empty space

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2
Q

gas pressure

A

force exerted by the collisions of randomly moving particles with the walls of a container

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3
Q

1 atm = ___ mmHg = _____torr

A

760

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4
Q

avagadros law

A

volume of a gas at constant T and P is proportional to the number of moles of gas

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5
Q

boyles law

A

volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant temp is inversely proportional to pressure

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6
Q

charles law

A

volume of a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure is proportional to the absolute temp

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7
Q

standard temp and pressure

A

0C and 1 atm

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8
Q

partial pressure

A

the pressure a gas would have if it was the only gas in the container

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9
Q

daltons law of partial pressures

A

total pressure is equal to the sum of the partial pressures

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10
Q

the fraction of the total pressure contributed by each gas is equal to its

A

mole fraction

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11
Q

5 rules of kinetic molecular theory of gases

A
  1. a gas consists of tiny particles moving at random
  2. the volume of these particles themselves is negligible compared to the total volume
  3. gas particles act independently of eachother
  4. collisions of gas particles are elastic
  5. average kinetic energy of the particles is proportional to the Kelvin temp
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12
Q

elastic collisions

A

bounce off of other things at the same speed at which they hit

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13
Q

gas diffusion

A

the mixing of different molecules by random molecular motion with frequent collisions

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14
Q

gas effusion

A

gas molecules escape without collisions through a tiny hole into a vacuum

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15
Q

what two assumptions about gases are not valid at high temps

A
  • that the volume of a pas particles is negligible

- that there are no attractive forces between particles

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16
Q

phase changes

A

change of state

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17
Q

fusion (solid-liquid)

A

ΔH +

ΔS +

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18
Q

freezing (liquid-solid)

A

ΔH -

ΔS -

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19
Q

vaporization (liquid-gas)

A

ΔH +

ΔS +

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20
Q

condensation (gas-liquid)

A

ΔH -

ΔS -

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21
Q

sublimation (solid-gas)

A

ΔH +

ΔS -

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22
Q

deposition (gas-solid)

A

ΔH -

ΔS -

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23
Q

if both ΔH and ΔS are +, reaction is favored at

A

high temp

24
Q

if both ΔH and ΔS are -, reaction is favored at

A

low temp

25
Q

thermochemistry

A

the absorption or release of heat that acompanies chemical reactions

26
Q

energy

A

the capacity to do work

27
Q

mechanical kinetic energy

A

moving mass

28
Q

electrical kinetic energy

A

moving charge

29
Q

sound kinetic energy

A

molecules moving uniformly

30
Q

heat kinetic energy

A

molecules moving randomly

31
Q

mechanical potential energy

A

mass in a place where a force can act

32
Q

chemical potential energy

A

bonds

33
Q

binding potential energy

A

binding energy

34
Q

1st law of thermodynamics

A

energy cannot be created or destroyed (potential and kinetic energy are conserved)

35
Q

the total energy of an isolated system is

A

constant

36
Q

system

A

reactants and products

37
Q

surrounding

A

everything other than the reactants and products

38
Q

-ΔE

A

system lost energy to surroundings

39
Q

+ΔE

A

system gained energy from surroundings

40
Q

+q

A

gains heat

41
Q

-q

A

loses heat

42
Q

+w

A

work on system

43
Q

-w

A

work done by system

44
Q

work

A

the force that produces the movement of an object times the distance moved

45
Q

pressure-volume work

A

expansion work, done as a result of a volume change is the system

46
Q

calorimetry

A

measuring ΔH

47
Q

heat capacity (c)

A

amount of heat required to raise an objects temp by 1K

48
Q

expansion

A

w≤0
ΔE≤0
ΔV>0

49
Q

compression

A

w>0
ΔE>0
ΔV<0

50
Q

ΔH=q at

A

constant pressure

51
Q

molar heat capacity

A

heat capacity of one mole of a substance

52
Q

specific heat capacity

A

heat capacity of one gram of a substance

53
Q

isothermal process

A

a change of a system in which the temp remains constant

54
Q

adiabatic process

A

a system exchanges no heat with the suroundings

55
Q

in an isothermal process ΔE =

A

0

56
Q

in an adiabatic processs q=

A

0

Honors Chem 1320 (8 decks)

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