Gas exchange in humans

Question 1

What is the bell jar a representation of

Answer 1

The lungs

Question 2

What does the rubber sheet at the bottom of the bell jar represent

Answer 2

The diaphragm

Question 3

What does the first tube that goes in from the top of the bung represent

Answer 3

The trachea

Question 4

What does the tube that splits the trachea in two call itself

Answer 4

Bronchus

Question 5

What happens when the rubber sheet is pulled down

Answer 5

The balloons expand due to pressure decreasing and air can come in through the bung to make the balloons/lungs fill with air

Question 6

Why does the model not fully show the mechanism of breathing

Answer 6

It doesn’t show the rib cage and the bell jar doesn’t move up and out when air comes in unlike an actual humans thorax

Question 7

What is the effect on the lungs when the walls of the alveoli

Answer 7

Reduces the area for gas exchange and leads to emphysema

Question 8

What is the effect on the lungs when the tar from cigarettes damages cilia

Answer 8

Leads to a build up of mucus and makes chest infection chances increase

Question 9

What is the effect on the lungs when the tar irritates bronchi/bronchioles

Answer 9

Excess mucus production so develop chronicle bronchitis

Question 10

What is the effect on the lungs when carbon monoxide binds to haemoglobin

Answer 10

Reduces the oxygen carrying capacity of red blood cells so heart rate increases leading to cvd (cardiovascular disease)

Question 11

What is the effect on the lungs when carcinogens comes in contact to cells

Answer 11

Leads to carvers

Question 12

Define breathing

Answer 12

Air going in and out of the body

Question 13

Explain why breathing is necessary

Answer 13

Breathing is necessary for air to get into our lungs so that oxygen can get to the bloodstream and the carbon dioxide diffuses out of the alveoli from respiration

Question 14

What are the per cent ages of gases in the air

Answer 14

Nitrogen 78%
Oxygen 21%
Co2 0.04
Other gases 1%

Question 15

List 4 ways that the lungs have adapted for gas exchange

Answer 15

1. Bigger surface area
2. Moist lining for gas to dissolve in
3. Thin walls not far to diffuse
4. Great blood supply high concentration of blood

Question 16

What happens when you inhale

Answer 16

Ribs move upwards and outwards 
Pressure inside the chest decreases 
External intercostal muscles contract
Internal intercostal muscles relax
Air is drawn into the lungs 
Volume of chest increases 
Diaphragm flattens

Question 17

What happens when you exhale

Answer 17

Ribs move downwards and inwards 
Pressure inside the chest increases
External intercostal muscles relax
Internal intercostal muscles contract
Air is forces out of the lungs 
Volume of chest decreases 
Diaphragm moves upwards

Question 18

Why is carbon monoxide particularly dangerous for pregnant women

Answer 18

It passes to baby’s and can cause them to have a small birth weight

Question 19

What causes lung cancer in cigarettes

Answer 19

It is causes by the tar in the cigarettes and it damages lung tissue

Question 20

What in cigarettes causes emphysema

Answer 20

It is caused by the air sacs being damaged and it lowers lung capacity for you when you smoke

Question 21

What in cigarettes causes heart disease

Answer 21

It is caused by damage to the lining of the arteries due to it building up fatty materials which narrows the arteries