Gas Exchange - COPD Flashcards
What is normally the biggest problem with gas exchange?
People cannot get rid of the CO2 and the structures in the lungs are damaged.
What is hypoxia?
Reduced oxygen in the blood
What is hypoxemia?
Absence of oxygen in the blood.
Are boys or girls more common in getting asthma?
Boys, but can grow out of it.
What are risk factors for gas exchange?
Smoking Age CF HF COPD Immunosuppression Immobility
What are people with asthma sensitivite to?
Salicylate, which is found in many OTC meds.
What can beta-blockers do to someone with lung problems?
Bronchospasms
What are expected respiratory rate and blood pressure for someone with lung disease?
Raised
What is Rhonchi?
Mucous rumbling in the lungs. Ask the pt to cough to loosen secretions.
What is the normal pH for the blood?
7.35-7.45
What are we looking for in a CBC?
Infection
Anemia
Why is nutrition a challenge with COPD patients?
Patients often tired
Give them frequent high calorie meals
What is the first thing you do when someone is having difficulty breahting?
Sit them up!
What are the steps for applying a non rebreather mask?
Turn oxygen up to 15
Inflate the bag
Put it on their face.
What is the max oxygen for a nasal cannula?
6 liters
Why is asthma different from COPD?
It needs a trigger.
How do we treat asthma attacks?
With a SABA
Short acting beta antagonist
What is asthma asthmaticus?
When the lungs constrict and wont open up.
What does remodeling mean?
Scar tissue
Why do we not want our lungs to heal?
Because it becomes dysfunctional.
What is the defining symptom of bronchitis vs emphysema?
In bronchitis you will cough up a lot of mucous.
What are results of long term COPD?
Mucous hypersecretion
Mucosal edema
Bronchospasm
Why does COPD occur?
Inhalation of noxious particles and gasses causes inflammation of central airways and in the healing process remodeling occurs and parenchymal destruction which results in pulmonary vascular changes.
What is hypercapnia?
Too much carbon dioxide in the blood
What fingernail issue do people with chronic hypoxia have?
Clubbed nails
What race has the highest incidence with COPD?
White people
Hispanics have lower death rates
What are the gender differences with COPD?
More common in men Men have worse response to o2 therapy COPD increasing in women More women die from COPD Women have lower quality of life
What does pursed-lip breathing do?
Decreases anxiety
Increases gas exchange
Hypoxemia values
PaO2 < 60 mmHg
SaO2 <88%
Hypercapnia values
PaCO2 >45mmHg
What is Cor pulmonale?
Right-sided heart failure
What do anticholinergicsdo?
Relax the smooth muscle
What is a 6 minute walk test?
To determine if you need oxygen at home
What is a MUGA scan?
Tells us what is in there and how to get rid of it
What do we give for moderate stage FEV <60%
Long acting anticholinergic LABA
Inhaled corticosteroids
What is a bullectomy?
Removing the hyperinfected alveoli
