gas exchange (b3.1)

Question 1

gas exchange is

Answer 1

a vital function

Question 2

gas exchange (3)

Answer 2

obtain gases for aerobic respiration and photosynthesis, remove waste gas

Question 3

Requirements for gas exchange surfaces (5)

Answer 3

thin, permeable, moist, have a large surface area, and there needs to be a steep concentration gradient

Question 4

RBC pigment

Answer 4

haemoglobin (270/RBC)

Question 5

What impacts transpiration? (4)

Answer 5

Humidity, temperature, wind speed, light intensity

Question 6

allosteric

Answer 6

not the main site (secondary)

Question 7

allosteric binding

Answer 7

co2 binding in haemoglobin is allosteric because they do not bind to haem

Question 8

aerobic respiration

Answer 8

cellular respiration in presence of respiration with oxygen to produce energy from food

Question 9

what kind of diffusion is gas exchange

Answer 9

simple diffusion

Question 10

how does a moist surface effect gas exchange efficiency

Answer 10

dissolves gases prior to diffusion

Question 11

Maintaining concentration gradients (4)

Answer 11

Dense network of blood cells
Continuous blood flow
Ventilation
Separate oxygenated and deoxygenated blood

Question 12

Discuss continuous blood flow

Answer 12

once substances move into the blood, they are transported out by continuous blood flow to maintain low pressure

Question 13

Discuss separation of oxygenated and deoxygenated

Answer 13

double circulatory system allows separation (blood travels through heart twice)

Question 14

alveolar fluid/surfactant

Answer 14

secreted by type II pneumocytes to moisten surface and reduces surface tension (prevents collapse of alveoli during exhalation), made of proteins and lipids

Question 15

Bronchioles

Answer 15

Branches to many areas, increases surface area and rate of gas exchange

Question 16

Increasing efficiency in gas exchange

Answer 16

decreased airflow from bronchi to trachea, decrease distance of oxygen diffusion with surrounding capillaries

Question 17

Alveoli

Answer 17

air sacks where co2 and o2 exchange occurs, increases surface area

Question 18

Muscles involved in ventilation

Answer 18

diaphragm, intercostal, abdominal

Question 19

Inhalation

Answer 19

thoracic cavity volume increases (particles have more space to move, decreases pressure and collisions), air rushes into the body

Question 20

Exhalation

Answer 20

volume of thoracic cavity decreases (increases pressure and collisions because particles have less space), air rushes out

Question 21

Inspiration (6)

Answer 21

diaphragm contracts, moves down
external intercostal muscles contract, internal relax
ribcage moves up and out
volume of thoracic cavity increases
lung pressure decreases
Air moves down its pressure gradient

Question 22

Expiration (quiet breathing) (6)

Answer 22

Diaphragm relaxes, moves up and in
Both intercostal muscles relax, ribcage goes down and in
Decrease volume, increase pressure, pressure gradient pushes air our of lungs