Gas Exchange

Question 1

What is the partial pressure of oxygen in air?

Answer 1

21.1 kPa

Question 2

Under what conditions does oxygen availability decrease in air and water?

Answer 2

With altitude in air and with increased temperature in water

Question 3

What is anoxia

Answer 3

No oxygen

Question 4

What is hypoxia

Answer 4

Low levels of oxygen

Question 5

What is normoxia

Answer 5

Normal levels of oxygen

Question 6

What is hyperoxia

Answer 6

Higher levels of oxygen

Question 7

How far through tissue can oxygen diffuse?

Answer 7

1mm

Question 8

What are the adaptions of respiratory organs?

Answer 8

High diffusion coefficients (high permeability)
Low diffusion distance
Large surface area

Question 9

What are the 2 types of breathing and which is most efficient?

Answer 9

Tidal and flow through (most efficient)

Question 10

Why do most aquatic organisms use flow through system?

Answer 10

Too much energy needed to accelerate and decelerate water (very viscous and dense)

Question 11

What is the exception to normal methods of extracting oxygen?

Answer 11

Holothurians and their respiratory trees

Question 12

What are squid gills called

Answer 12

Ctenidia

Question 13

What kind of ventilation do octopuses use?

Answer 13

Flow through, in through slit out through siphon

Question 14

What to fish use in their gills to maximise oxygen extraction from water?

Answer 14

Countercurrent flow of water and blood

Question 15

How is one way water flow in fish achieved?

Answer 15

Sequential opening of moth and operculum

Question 16

What is ram ventilation?

Answer 16

A method of ventilation by which fish can swim with their mouth open to allow water to flow over their gills

Question 17

What problem to lampreys face?

Answer 17

They cannot breath and eat at the same time, so they have to switch to tidal ventilation while feeding, far less efficient