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Respiratory System > Gas Exchange > Flashcards

Gas Exchange Flashcards

1
Q

where does gas exchange occur?

A

at alveoli and target tissues

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2
Q

what is the gas exchange at the tissue called?

A

cellular respiration

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3
Q

what is the gas exchange at alveoli called?

A

pulmonary respiration

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4
Q

how does the gas exchange occur?

A

by passive diffusion across pressure gradient

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5
Q

what is the composition of ambient air?

A

21% oxygen, 79% nitrogen, and 0.03% carbon dioxide

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6
Q

what is partial pressure

A

the pressure of each gas within a mixture of gases

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7
Q

what is the partial pressure of O2 in ambient air?

A

PO2=159mmHg

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8
Q

what is the partial pressure of CO2 in ambient air?

A

PCO2 = 0.2mmHg

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9
Q

what is the partial pressure of N in ambient air?

A

PN = 600mmHg

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10
Q

what is the PO2 in alveoli?

A

PO2 = 100mmHg

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11
Q

what is the PO2 in capillary?

A

PO2 = 40 mmHg

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12
Q

what is the PCO2 in alveoli?

A

PCO2 = 40 mmHg

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13
Q

what is the PCO2 in capillary?

A

PCO2 = 46 mmHg

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14
Q

How is hyperventilation triggered?

A

anxiety attacks, fever, aspirin poisoning, or done on purpose.

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15
Q

why breathe into a paper bag when hyperventilating?

A

Because breathing into a closed space recycles the CO2 which is breathed out, which speeds up how the central chemoreceptors in the ventral part of medulla oblongata trigger and increase breathing rate.

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16
Q

how long can you hold a breath before the urge to breathe

A

40 seconds

17
Q

what is the greatest drive to breath?

A

increase in PCO2 and H (more acidic)
decrease in PO2 (minor)

18
Q

what happens in hyperventilation

A

when you increase your rate of ventilation, more CO2 is breathed out then what is needed to be removed, hence pushing the urge to breathe trigger to later

19
Q

what kind of athlete use hyperventilation?

A

swimmers and divers

20
Q

What is shallow water blackout

A

Happens when a swimmer or diver hyperventilate before training, causing their trigger to breath to be delayed to after the optimal trigger for oxygen consumption, resulting in blacking out under water. This is very dangerous and should always be done under supervision.

Respiratory System (11 decks)

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