Gas Climate

Question 1

What are Magmatic Gas Content?

Answer 1

Main Gases:
H2O (70-90%)
CO2
SO2

Toxic Gases:
HCl
HF

Question 2

What have CO2 emissions caused regarding climate?

Answer 2

1. Greenhouse Effect
   Greenhouse gases (H2O and CO2) trap radiation at surface, causing increase in temp.
2. Direct Hazard:
   Built up CO2 in Lower Lake and depressurization, causing deaths of people and trees.
   High density of cold CO2 causes gas clouds to form.

Question 3

What are the affects of long term exposure to CO2?

Answer 3

None in low concentrations.

Question 4

How does Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) from volcanoes affect the climate?

Answer 4

SO2 reacts with the atmosphere which become aerosols. Aerosols reflect radiation from the Sun which causes the Earth to cool.

Question 5

Does SO2 and H2SO4 (product when reacting to environment) have long- term exposure affects?

Answer 5

Yes, they can cause erosion of teeth, skin rash, irritation of nose, throat, lungs, and dangerous to heart conditions.

Question 6

True or False: Volcanic HCl damages the Ozone Layer.

Answer 6

Mostly false—remain in troposphere.

However, the volcanic particles can enhance ozone destruction if passing tropopause. (Pinatubo)

Question 7

What volcanic material affects Climate Change?

Answer 7

Volcanic Gases & Ash and Rock Particles

Question 8

Vog

Answer 8

Formed when volcanic gases reacts with moisture, oxygen, and sunlight.

Question 9

Laze

Answer 9

Large steam plumes created when lava reacts with cold seawater.

Question 10

What factors determine whether an eruption will affect the climate?

Answer 10

1. Height of Eruption Column

• Column Confined: sulfuric acid aerosols are not distributed by jet stream and rapidly removed by rain.
• Column in Stratosphere: aerosols dispersed by jet stream and remain in stratosphere longer.

2. Latitude

• Aerosols spread around globe in tropical eruptions.
  Proximity to Stratosphere: High altitudes can have small eruptions that will eject SO2 in stratosphere

3. Magma Chemistry

Greater sulfuric acid aerosols have measurable climate affects. (Small amounts do not affect)

Question 11

Two factors that indicate whether eruptions of volcano have a larger regional or global effect?

Evidence?

Answer 11

Timing and Mechanism

Examples are ash ice cores and sulfur ice cores.
There were enough aerosols in atmosphere to fossilize overtime in ice cores.

Question 12

What is HF associated with?

Answer 12

Acid rain