Gas Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

What is the percentage of Nitrogen in the atmosphere?

A

78%

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2
Q

What is the percentage of oxygen in the atmosphere?

A

21%

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3
Q

What is the percentage of argon in the atmosphere?

A

1%

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4
Q

What is the percentage of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?

A

0.03-0.04%

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5
Q

What are the physical properties of Nitrogen? (3)

A
  • colourless, odourless gas
  • neutral
  • insoluble in water
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6
Q

What are the industrial uses of nitrogen?

A
  • food packaging
  • liquid nitrogen as a coolant in refrigerated lorries
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7
Q

What are the physical properties of oxygen? (3)

A
  • colourless, odourless gas
  • neutral
  • slightly soluble in water
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8
Q

What are the industrial uses of oxygen?

A
  • welding
  • medicine (breathing issues)
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9
Q

What are the physical properties of ammonia? (3)

A
  • pungent gas
  • soluble base
  • weak alkali
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10
Q

What is the test for oxygen?

A

If a glowing splint relights

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11
Q

What is the test for ammonia? (3)

must know

A
  • hold a hot glass rod
  • dipped in concentrated HCl
  • White smoke forms
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12
Q

What is the balanced symbol equation for the reaction between NH3 and HCl?

A

NH3 + HCl —> NH4Cl

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13
Q

What is the industrial use of ammonia?

A

Used to make fertilisers - through ammonium salts

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14
Q

How is ammonia formed?

Give a symbol equation for this reaction

A
  • Via the HABER process
  • N2 + 3H2 <—> 2NH3 (reaction is reversible)
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15
Q

What are the physical properties of carbon dioxide? (3)

A
  • colourless, odourless gas
  • slightly soluble in water
  • denser than air
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16
Q

What are the industrial uses of carbon dioxide?

A
  • used to make carbonic acid in fizzy drinks
  • fire extinguishers
17
Q

What is the test for carbon dioxide?

What happens when CO2 is in excess? (4)

Give balanced symbol equations with state symbols

A
  • bubble through limewater
  • colourless to milky
  • CO2 (g) + Ca(OH)2 (aq) —> CaCO3 (s) + H2O(l)
  • if in excess - colourless solution formed —> H2O(l) + CaCO3 (s) +CO2 (g) —> Ca(HCO3)2 (aq)
18
Q

What are the physical properties of hydrogen? (4)

A
  • colourless, odourless gas
  • insoluble in water
  • less dense than air
  • neutral
19
Q

What is the test for hydrogen?

A

lit splint causes a squeaky pop

20
Q

What are the industrial uses of hydrogen?

A
  • weather balloons
  • hardening oils

+ can be used as a green fuel

21
Q

How do you work out atom economy?

A

(Mr of desired product ÷ total Mr of products) x 100

22
Q

What apparatus and reagents are used to collect hydrogen? (8)

A

Apparatus:

  • gas chamber
  • beehive shelf
  • trough of water (above beehive shelf)
  • delivery tube (into beehive shelf)
  • conical flask
  • thistle funnel

Reagents:

  • zinc
  • hydrochloric acid
23
Q

What apparatus and reagents are used to collect oxygen? (8)

A

Apparatus:

  • gas chamber
  • beehive shelf
  • trough of water (above beehive shelf)
  • delivery tube (into beehive shelf)
  • conical flask
  • thistle funnel

Reagents:

  • manganese (IV) oxide / Manganese dioxide
  • hydrogen peroxide
24
Q

What apparatus and reagents are used to collect carbon dioxide? (8)

A

Apparatus:

  • gas chamber
  • beehive shelf
  • trough of water (above beehive shelf)
  • delivery tube (into beehive shelf)
  • conical flask
  • thistle funnel

Reagents:

  • calcium carbonate
  • hydrochloric acid
25
Q

What type of substance are:

  • metal oxides
  • non-metal oxides
A
  • basic
  • acidic
26
Q

Why is nitrogen so unreactive?

A

Strong triple covalent bond