Equilibrium Flashcards

1
Q

What are reversible reactions?

A

A reaction where the products can react to reform the reactants

(can be reversed)

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2
Q

Describe energy changes in reversible reactions

A

Energy changes are equal and opposite

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3
Q

If the forward reaction is endothermic

A

The reverse reaction is exothermic

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4
Q

If the forward reaction is exothermic

A

The reverse reaction is endothermic

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5
Q

What is an anhydrous substance?

A

a substance that does not contain water of crystallisation

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6
Q

Give the symbol equation for the reversible reaction of copper sulfate

A

CuSO4 + 5H2O –> CuSO4.5H2O

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7
Q

What are the properties of dynamic equilibrium (3)

A
  • only happens in a closed system where no matter can get in or out
  • When the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
  • amount of products and reactants is constant
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8
Q

What is a closed system?

A

A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave

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9
Q

State Le Chatelier’s Principle

A

If a reaction at equilibrium is disturbed the equilibrium position will move to counteract the disturbance.

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10
Q

What is an equilibrium position

A

When the relative concentrations of reactants and products are at equilibrium (equal)

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11
Q

What happens when equilibrium shifts right?

A

Equilibrium moves to make more products

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12
Q

What happens when equilibrium shifts left?

A

Equilibrium moves to make more reactants

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13
Q

What is the effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position toward endothermic reaction

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14
Q

What is the effect of decreasing temperature on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position toward exothermic reaction

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15
Q

Effect of increasing pressure on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces fewest moles of gas

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16
Q

Effect of decreasing pressure on equilibrium

A

Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces most moles of gas

17
Q

Effect of catalyst on equilibrium (3)

A
  • Speeds forward and reverse reaction equally,
  • equilibrium position does not change,
  • equilibrium is reached more quickly
18
Q

Effect of decreasing substance concentration on equilibrium

A

Equilibrium position moves to replenish concentration

19
Q

Effect of increasing substance concentration on equilibrium

A

Equilibrium position moves to reduce substance concentration

20
Q

What conditions are used in industrial use of the HABER process? (3)

A
  • 450ºC
  • 200 atm pressure
  • iron catalyst