Equilibrium Flashcards
What are reversible reactions?
A reaction where the products can react to reform the reactants
(can be reversed)
Describe energy changes in reversible reactions
Energy changes are equal and opposite
If the forward reaction is endothermic…
The reverse reaction is exothermic
If the forward reaction is exothermic…
The reverse reaction is endothermic
What is an anhydrous substance?
a substance that does not contain water of crystallisation
Give the symbol equation for the reversible reaction of copper sulfate
CuSO4 + 5H2O –> CuSO4.5H2O
What are the properties of dynamic equilibrium (3)
- only happens in a closed system where no matter can get in or out
- When the rate of the forward reaction is the same as the rate of the reverse reaction
- amount of products and reactants is constant
What is a closed system?
A system in which no matter is allowed to enter or leave
State Le Chatelier’s Principle
If a reaction at equilibrium is disturbed the equilibrium position will move to counteract the disturbance.
What is an equilibrium position
When the relative concentrations of reactants and products are at equilibrium (equal)
What happens when equilibrium shifts right?
Equilibrium moves to make more products
What happens when equilibrium shifts left?
Equilibrium moves to make more reactants
What is the effect of increasing temperature on equilibrium
Moves equilibrium position toward endothermic reaction
What is the effect of decreasing temperature on equilibrium
Moves equilibrium position toward exothermic reaction
Effect of increasing pressure on equilibrium
Moves equilibrium position in the direction of the reaction which produces fewest moles of gas
