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Physio Test 2 > Garman- CV1: Intro CV > Flashcards

Garman- CV1: Intro CV Flashcards

1
Q

Which part has largest volume distribution of blood in CV system?

A

Veins (64% or 2/3 or blood)

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2
Q

Where is the most resistance met in vascular system?

A

Small arteries and arterioles (47%)

Capillaries (27%)

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3
Q

How long does it take for blood to make complete circuit?

A

1 minutes (5L of blood/5L of minute)

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4
Q

Which organ take largest flow of blood at rest?

A 
Liver and GI trat (Q=24%) and 
skeletal muscle (21%)
Kidney (21%)
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5
Q

What is another name for the high-pressure system in CV system?

A

Supply function

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6
Q

What is another name for low-pressure system in CV circuit?

A

Reservoir function

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7
Q

Which area takes highest amount of oxygen consumption (VO2)?

A 
Liver/GI tract (24%)
Skeletal muscle (27%)
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8
Q

Why does the kidney take a lot of blood, but not utilize much oxygen consumption?

A

Kidney cleans blood but does not extract much oxygen from blood

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9
Q

How do we direct blood from one tissue to another?

A

Manipulate size of arterioles/small arteries

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10
Q

How much time spent in veins at rest?

A

38 seconds (most time)

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11
Q

How much time spent in capillaries at rest?

A

3 seconds

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12
Q

How much time spent in heart at rest?

A

4 seconds

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13
Q

How much time spent in large arteries at rest

A

4 seconds

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14
Q

How much time spent in small arteries at rest?

A

5 seconds

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15
Q

How much time spend in lungs at rest

A

5 seconds

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16
Q

How much blood do we typically pump in exercise?

A

25 L/minutes

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17
Q

How does flow through organs change during exercise?

A

Heart increases flow
GI decreases flow
Skeletal increases flow a lot
Renal decrease flow 50%

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18
Q

Where is base of heart?

A

Flattened superior portion

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19
Q

Where is apex of heart?

A

Inferior tip, directed downwar and to the left

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20
Q

What is the pericardium?

A

Double walled sac that covers heart

Formed from visceral pericardium and parietal pericardium

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21
Q

What is pericardial cavity?

A

Formed between visceral and parietal pericardium

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22
Q

What is endocardium

A

Areolar tissue and endothelium. Continuous with blood vessel

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23
Q

What makes up myocardium

A

Cardiac muscle cells

Connective tissues

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24
Q

What makes up parietal pericardium?

A

Dense fibrous layer
Areolar tissue
Mesothelium

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25
Q

What makes up epicardium (visceral pericardium)

A

mesothelium (simple squamous cell)

areaolar tissue

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26
Q

How does heart muscle contract? (motion)

A

Wraps in spiral shape

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27
Q

Pathway of blood flow through heart

A

Blood from systemic circuit –> venae vacae and coronary sinus–> RA–> RV via tricuspid–> pulmonary trunk via pulmonary valve–> pulmonary capillaries–> alveolar capillaries–> pulmonary veins–> LA –> LV via mitral valve–> Aorta via aortic valve–> blood to systemic circuit

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28
Q

Heart is a ___ pump

A

double (systemic and pulmonary circulation)

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29
Q

How to calculate CO?

A

HR x SV

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30
Q

What is referred to as systemic circulation?

A

Left heart–> aorta–>tissues

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31
Q

What is referred to as pulmonary circuilation?

A

Right heart–> pulmonary arteries–> lungs

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32
Q

What receives deoxygenated blood from tissues?

A

Right atrium

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33
Q

What delivers deoxygenated blood to lungs?

A

Right ventricle

34
Q

What receives oxygenated blood from lungs?

A

Left atrium

35
Q

What delivers oxygenated blood to tissues?

A

Left ventricle

36
Q

What are the “great vessels”

A

Pulmonary trunk, right and left pulmonary arteries, right and left pulmonary veins, aorta, inferior and superior vena cava

37
Q

What are the 2 AV valves?

A

Tricuspid, bicuspid valve

38
Q

What are the 2 semilunar valves?

A

Pulmonic and aortic valves

39
Q

What is structure of AV valves?

A

2-3 cusps

40
Q

What is structure of semilunar valves?

A

3 Crescent shaped cups

41
Q

What is normal pacemaker of heart?

A

SA node

42
Q

What is route of conduction?

A

SA node–> internodal pathways–> AV node (delay)–> His-purkinje system–> ventricular myocardium

43
Q

Why is there a delay in AV node?

A

To allow atria to contract

44
Q

3 Facts for arteries?

A
  • Delivery of blood under high pressure
  • Thicker walled
  • No valves
45
Q

Types of arteries?

A

Elastic arteries, muscular arteries, arterioles

46
Q

3 facts veins?

A
  • Collection of blood under low pressure
  • Thinner walled
  • Valves to faciliatate blood return to heart
47
Q

Types veins?

A

Large veins
Medium veins
Venules

48
Q

What influences MAP?

A

Cardiac output, peripheral resistance

49
Q

What influences pulse pressure?

A

Stroke volume, arterial compliance

50
Q

What affects arterial pressure?

A

CO, SV, arterial compliance, peripheral resistance

51
Q

Formula MAP?

A

sbp+ 2 dbp/3

52
Q

Where is largest variation in pressure in circulation?

A

LV (120/0)

53
Q

Range of pressure in aorta?

A

120/80

54
Q

Range of pressure in large arterioles?

A

120-70ish

55
Q

Rnage of pressure in RV?

A

25/0

56
Q

Range of pressure in pulmonary arteries?

A

25/7

57
Q

What is pressure?

A

Force/area

Expressed in mmHg or Torr (1 mmHg= 1 Torr)

58
Q

Equation for pulse pressure?

A

Systolic-diastolic

59
Q

What is equation for MAP?

A

SBP +2 DBP/3

60
Q

What is flow?

A

Volume/time (mL/min or L/min)

61
Q

Equation for CI?

A

CO/m2 ( m2= surface area)

62
Q

Equation for stroke index (SI)

A

SV/m2

63
Q

Equation for flow?

A

Q= (P1-P2)/R

64
Q

Normal resting CO?

A

5L/MIN

65
Q

Normal HR

A

70 BPM

66
Q

Normal SV

A

70 mL/beat

67
Q

What is resistance?

A

Impedance to flow

mmHg/mL/min

68
Q

Equation for poiseuille’s law?

A

R= viscosity (nu)X L x 8/ pi*r^4

69
Q

Why is greatest resistance in arterioles

A

Small radius of vessel

70
Q

What is relationship between velocity of blood flow and cross-sectional area?

A

Inverse

71
Q

Why is velocity so low in capillaries

A

Blood needs to be slowed for nutrient exchange

72
Q

What does tubulent blood flow do to pressure gradient?

A

Increases pressure gradient required to produce flow

73
Q

What is pulmonary cpaillary wedge pressure a appoximation of?

A

LV end-diastolic pressure

74
Q

What does PCWP reflect?

A

PV, LA pressure, preload of LV

75
Q

Which CO curve has the highest peak? High or low CO

A

Low Co. The lower the peak, the higher the CO because cold fluid is leaving the heart quicker, causing a quick decline in temperature.

76
Q

What is equation for fick principle?

A

CO= O2 consumption/ (A-V)o2

77
Q

What is gold standard of CO?

A

TEE

78
Q

How do we measure CO in TEE?

A

Velocity*area

79
Q

Which is less invasive, TEE or PA catheter?

A

TEE

80
Q

What technique is used to determine blood velocity in TEE?

A

Doppler technique

Physio Test 2 (10 decks)

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