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DMD 5221 > Ganglia, Nuclei, and Cranial Nerves > Flashcards

Ganglia, Nuclei, and Cranial Nerves Flashcards

1
Q

What cranial nerve exits are in the anterior cranial fossa?

A

Cribiform plate - CN I

Optic canal - CN II

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2
Q

What cranial nerve exits are in the middle cranial fossa?

A

Busiest cranial fossa

Superior orbital fissure - CN III, IV, V1, VI
Foramen rotundum - CN V2
Foramen ovale - CN V3
Internal opening of carotid canal (internal carotid artery)
Foramen spinosum (middle meningeal artery)

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3
Q

What cranial nerve exits are in the posterior cranial fossa?

A

Internal acoustic meatus - CN VII, VIII
Jugular foramen - IX, X, XI
Hypoglossal canal - XII
Foramen magnum - spinal chord, vertebral artery, XI

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4
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve I?

A

Frontal and temporal lobes

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5
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve II?

A

Optic chiasm

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6
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve III, IV?

A

Midbrain

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7
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve V, VI, VII, VIII?

A

Pons (near pontomedullary junction)

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8
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve IX, X, XII?

A

Medulla

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9
Q

What is the point of attachment for cranial nerve XI?

A

Medulla and cervical spinal chord

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10
Q

GSA - What are the different names?

A

General Somatic Afferent, General Sensory or Somatic Sensory

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11
Q

GSA functions?

A

General Somatic Afferent, General Sensory or Somatic Sensory

Conduct impulses from skin, skeletal muscle spindles

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12
Q

SSA - What are the different names?

A

Special Somatic Afferent, Special Sensory

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13
Q

SSA functions?

A

Special Somatic Afferent, Special Sensory

Conduct impulses from retina, auditory, and vestibular apparatuses

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14
Q

GVA - What are the different names?

A

General Visceral Afferent, Visceral Sensory

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15
Q

GVA functions?

A

General Visceral Afferent, Visceral Sensory

Conduct impulses from viscera, BVs, SM

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16
Q

SVA - What are the different names?

A

Special Visceral Afferent, Special Sensory

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17
Q

SVA functions?

A

Special Visceral Afferent, Special Sensory

Conduct impulses from taste buds, olfactory mucosa

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18
Q

GVE - What are the different names?

A

General Visceral Efferent, Autonomic Motor or Visceral Motor

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19
Q

GVE functions?

A

General Visceral Effect, Autonomic Motor or Visceral Motor

Innvervate SM, cardiac muscle, glands (sympathetic and parasympathetic)

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20
Q

GSE - What are the different names?

A

General Somatic Efferent, Somatic Efferent or Somatic Motor

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21
Q

GSE functions?

A

General Somatic Efferent, Somatic Efferent or Somatic Motor

Derived from a somite
Innervates skeletal muscles; everything is innervated by CN XII

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22
Q

SVE - What are the different names?

A

Special Visceral Efferent, Branchial Motor (from pharyngeal arches), Visceral Motor (V3, VII, IX, X)

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23
Q

SVE functions?

A

Special Visceral Efferent, Branchial Motor (from pharyngeal arches), Visceral Motor (V3, VII, IX, X)

Innervate skeletal muscles derived from branchial arches

24
Q

Ganglia

A

Group of cell bodies in the PNS

25
Q

Nuclei

A

Group of cell bodies in the CNS

26
Q

Sensory Afferent

A

Unipolar

Target tissue > Ganglion > Sensory nucleus in the CNS

27
Q

Somatic Motor Efferent

A

No ganglion

Somatic motor nucleus in CNS > axon > skeletal muscle

28
Q

Autonomic Motor Efferent: Sympathetic

A

Lateral horn grey > Ganglion > SM, cardiac muscle, glands

29
Q

Autonomic Motor Efferent: Parasympathetic

A

Parasympathetic nucleus > Ganglion > SM, cardiac muscle, glands

30
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

CN III come from where, to which ganglia and what does it innervate?

A

CN III comes from Pons > Ciliary ganglia > Eye

31
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

CN VII come from where, to which ganglia and what does it innervate?

A

CN VII comes from pontomedullary junction > Pterygopalatine ganglion > Lacrimal Gland

CN VII comes from pontomedullary junction > Submandibular ganglion > Salivary glands

32
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

CN IX come from where, to which ganglia and what does it innervate?

A

CN IX comes from medulla > Otic ganglion > Salivary glands

33
Q

Parasympathetic Ganglia

CN X come from where, to which ganglia and what does it innervate?

A

CN X comes from medulla > Intramural ganglia > Heart, Lungs

34
Q

What are the sensory ganglia?

A
  • Ganglion cells of retina - II
  • Trigeminal (semilunar) ganglion - V
  • Geniculate ganglion - VII
  • Vestibular ganglion - VIII
  • Cochlear (spiral) ganglion - VIII
  • Glossopharyngeal ganglia - IX
  • Superior (jugular) ganglion - X
  • Inferior (nodose) ganglion - X
35
Q

What are the sensory (afferent) nuclei?

A

Termination of afferent fibers

  • Trigeminal sensory nucleus - V, VII, IX, X
  • Cochlear nucleus - VIII
  • Superior olivary nuceus
  • Vestibular nuclei - VIII
  • Solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius) - VII, IX, X
36
Q

What are the motor (efferent) nuclei?

A

Origin of efferent fibers

  • Edinger-Westphal nucleus - III
  • Oculomotor nucleus - III
  • Trochlear nucleus - IV
  • Trigeminal motor nucleus - V
  • Abducens nucleus - VI
  • Facial motor nucleus - VII
  • Superior salivatory nucleus - VII
  • Inferior salivatory nucleus - IX
  • Nucleus ambiguous - IX, X, XI
  • Dorsal (vagal) motor nucleus - X
  • Hypoglossal nucleus - XII
  • Spinal accessory nucleus - XI (part of spinal chord)
37
Q

What are the sensory (afferent) nuclei?

A

Termination of afferent fibers

Terminal sensory nucleus - V, VII, IX, X

  • Mesencephalic nucleus
  • Chief (main, pontine, primary, principle) trigeminal sensory nucleus
  • Spinal trigeminal (descending) nucleus
38
Q

Mesencephalic nucleus

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers
Trigeminal sensory nucleus (V, VII, IX, X)

  • Midbrain
  • Located at the point of entry of CN V
  • Proprioceptive input (mechanoreceptors) from joints, muscles of mastication, teeth, and peridontium
  • Sensory limb of jaw jerk reflex, force of bite; Projects to motor nucleus of V
39
Q

Chief (main, pontine, primary principle) trigeminal sensory nucleus

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers
Trigeminal sensory nucleus (V, VII, IX, X)

  • Pons
  • Lateral to motor nucleus
  • 2 point discrimination or discriminative touch and pressure sensations from face, scalp, oral cavity, nasal cavity and dura
40
Q

Spinal trigeminal (descending) nucleus

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers
Trigeminal sensory nucleus (V, VII, IX, X)

  • Spinal chord to pons
  • Continuation of chief sensory
  • Pain and temperature sensations from face
41
Q

Cochlear nucleus (VIII)

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers

Pontomedullary junction
Hearing

42
Q

Superior olivary nucleus

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers

Pons
Receives auditory input from the cochlear nucleus

Not directly associated with a cranial nerve

43
Q

Vestibular nuclei (VIII)

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers

Pons
Balance/equilibrium

44
Q

Solitary nucleus (nucleus solitarius) (VII, IX, X)

A

Sensory (afferent) nuclei - termination of afferent fibers

Medulla
Taste, cardiorespiratory, GI sensations

45
Q

Edinger-Westphal nucleus (III)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Midbrain
Innervates the sphincter pupillae (constricts pupil) and ciliary muscle (accommodation)

46
Q

Oculomotor nucleus (III)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Midbrain
Innervates superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebae superioris

47
Q

Trochlear nucleus (IV)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Midbrain
Innervates superior oblique

48
Q

Trigeminal motor nucleus (V)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Pons
Medial to chief sensory
Innervates the masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, mylohyoid, anterior digastric, tensor tympani, tensor veli palatini (muscles of the first pharyngeal arch)

49
Q

Abducens nucleus (VI)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Pons
Innervates lateral rectus

50
Q

Facial motor nucleus (VII)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Pons
Innervates muscles of facial expression, stylohyoid, posterior digastric, stapedius (muscles of the second pharyngeal arch)

51
Q

Superior salivatory nucleus (VII)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Pons
Innervates lacrimal gland, nasal glands, submandibular and sublingual glands

52
Q

Inferior salivatory nucleus (IX)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Pons
Innervates the parotid gland

53
Q

Nucleus ambiguous (IX, X, XI)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Medulla
Innervates muscles of soft palate, larynx, pharynx, upper esophagus
Unilateral lesion produces ipsilateral paralysis of soft palate, uvula deviate away from lesioned nerve, weakness of laryngeal muscles (hoarseness), pharyngeal weakness resulting in difficulty swallowing

54
Q

Dorsal (vagal) motor nucleus (X)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Medulla
Floor of the 4th ventricle
Major parasympathetic nucleus
Supplies preganglionic fibers to thorax and abdominal viscera

55
Q

Hypoglossal nucleus (XII)

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Medulla
Innervates the genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus, and intrinsic muscles of the tongue

56
Q

Spinal accessory nucleus (XI) - part of spinal chord

A

Motor (efferent) nuclei - origin of efferent fibers

Cervical spinal chord
Innervates SCM and trapezius

57
Q

What is the order of a basic sensory pathway?

A

1st Order Neuron

  • Receptive field to brainstem via CN V
  • Synapse with 2nd order neuron in brainstem

2nd Order Neuron

  • Decussates in brainstem to enter the contralateral and joins with other fibers
  • Synapsing on 3rd order neuron in the thalamus

3rd Order Neuron
- Terminates in the Primary Somatosensory Cortex

DMD 5221 (8 decks)

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