Axial Muscles Flashcards
What artery runs either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid?
Maxillary artery
What muscle of mastication is surrounded by pterygoid venous plexus?
Lateral pterygoid
The buccal branch of what cranial nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid?
CN V
Innervated by CN V3
Which muscle of mastication contacts:
Parotid gland, inferior alveolar artery, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, and chorda tympani nerve?
Medial pterygoid
The parotid duct, transverse facial artery, and branches of CNVII pass superficial to what muscle of mastication?
Masseter
The branches of what cranial nerve pass superficial to the masseter?
CN VII
Which muscle of mastication does not elevate the mandible?
lateral pterygoid
Which muscle of mastication does not protrude the mandible?
Temporalis
Which muscle of mastication is the main postural muscle (maintains the mandible in rest position)?
Temporalis
Which cranial nerve innervates all 4 muscles of mastication?
CN V3
What 4 muscles, other than the muscles of mastication, are innervated by CN V3?
Mylohyoid
Anterior digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palitini
O, I, A, N for sternocleidomastoid
Muscle of anterior neck
O: Manubrium and clavicle
I: Mastoid region of the skull
A: Bilateral - flexes neck. Unilateral - rotation; face turns to contralateral side. Head tilts ipsilaterally
N: CN XI and C2-C3
Scalenes: Attachment, Action, Innervation
Oblique cervical muscles
Anterior, Middle, Posterior
Attach to TP of C2-C7 and the first 2 ribs.
Elevate the ribs or flex the neck.
Innervated by C4-C6.
What artery and plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene?
Subclavian artery
Brachial plexus
What vein and nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene?
Subclavian vein
Phrenic nerve
List the muscles of the anterior neck: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid
Sternocleidomastoid
Suprahyoid muscles
- Mylohyoid
- Geniohyoid
- Stylohyoid
- Digastric
Infrahyoid muscles
- Thyrohyoid
- Omohyoid
- Sternohyoid
- Sternothyroid
OIAN - Digastric
Suprahyoid muscle
O: Anterior belly - mandible (deep side of inferior border, digastric fossa); Posterior belly - mastoid notch
I: Hyoid bone
A: Elevates hyoid; depresses and retracts the mandible during swallowing
N: Anterior - CN V3 (mylohyoid branch); Posterior - CN VII (digastric branch)
OIAN - Stylohyoid
Suprahyoid muscle
O: Styloid process
I: Hyoid bone
A: Elevates hyoid during swallowing
N: CN VII
OIAN - Mylohyoid
Suprahyoid muscle
O: Mylohyoid line of mandible
I: Hyoid bone
A: Tightens and elevates oral floor; draws hyoid forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible; assists in moving mandible side to side (chewing)
N: CN V3 (mylohyoid branch)
OIAN - Geniohyoid
Suprahyoid bone
O: Inferior mental spine (genial tubercle)
I: Hyoid bone
A: Draws hyoid bone forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible
N: C1, via CN XII
Which masticatory muscles close/elevate the mandible?
Masseter
Medial pteryfoid
Temporalis
Which masticatory muscles open/depress the mandible?
Gravity Lateral pterygoid (primary) Mylohyoid Digastric Geniohyoid (secondary)
Which masticatory muscles protract/protrude the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid (primary) Medial pterygoid (secondary)
Which masticatory muscles retract/retrude the mandible?
Temporalis (primary)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (secondary)
Which masticatory muscles allow lateral movement of the mandible?
Lateral pterygoid (primary)
- R pterygoid moves mandible L
- L pterygoid moves mandible R
All other masticatory muscles (secondary)
Which muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?
Mylohyoid
- Muscular diaphragm
Geniohyoid
- Cord-like muscle
- Superior to the mylohyoid
Tongue
- Superior to the geniohyoid muscles
OIAN - Omohyoid
O: Superior border of scapula
I: Hyoid bone
A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis
OIAN - Sternohyoid
O: Manubrium of sternum
I: Hyoid bone
A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis
OIAN - Sternothyroid
O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage
A: Depresses thyroid cartilage (Larynx)
N: Ansa cervicalis
OIAN - Thyrohyoid
O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid
A: Depresses hyoid
N: C1, via CN XII
Which two muscles associated with the hyoid and innervated differently than the others but alike to each other?
Thyrohyoid - Infrahyoid
Geniohyoid - Suprahyoid
What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?
Genioglossus - CN XII
Hyoglossus - CN XII
Palatoglossus - CN X
Styloglossus - CN XII
OIAN - Genioglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
O: Superior mental spines (genial tubercle)
I: Body of tongue; hyoid bone
A: Protract tongue, depress center of the tongue
N: CN XII
OIAN - Hyoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
O: Body and greater horn of hyoid
I: Lateral tongue
A: Depresses tongue
N: CN XII
OIAN - Palatoglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
O: Anterior surface of soft palate
I: Lateral tongue
A: Elevates tongue; depresses soft palate; moves palatoglossal fold toward midline
N: CN X
OIAN - Styloglossus
Extrinsic muscles of the tongue
O: Styloid process
I: Lateral tongue
A: Elevates and retracts tongue
N: CN XII
What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?
Squeeze the tube to squish the food down
Superior constrictor (X) Middle constrictor (X) Inferior constrictor (X)
What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?
Lift the pharynx back up
Salpingopharyngeus (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X)
Stylopharyngeus (IX)
What are the muscles of the soft palate?
Tensor veli palatini (V3)
Levator veli palatini (X)
Musculus uvulae (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X) - longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Palatoglossus (X) - extrinsic muscle of the tongue
A, N - Ciliary body
A: Lens accommodation; constricts, relaxing tension on lens; lens become more rounded
N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion
A, N - Spincter pupillae muscle
A: Constricts the pupil
N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion
A, N - Dilator pupillae muscle
A: Dilates pupil
N: Sympathetic control, C1, via superior cervical ganglion
AN - Levator palpebrae superioris
A: Elevation of upper eyelid
N: CN III - superior branch
AN - Superior rectus
A: Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball
N: CN III - superior branch
AN - Inferior rectus
A: Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball
N: CN III - inferior branch
AN - Medial rectus
A: Adduction
N: CN III - inferior branch
AN - Lateral rectus
A: Abduction
N: CN VI
AN - Superior oblique
A: Depression, abduction, medial rotation
N: CN IV
AN - Inferior oblique
A: Elevation, abduction, lateral rotation
N: CN III - inferior branch
What is strabismus?
Cross-eyed
Lack of coordination of extraocular muscles
May affect depth perception
If you have lateral strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?
Medial rectus
CN III
If you have medial strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?
Lateral rectus
CN VI
O, I - Medial Pterygoid
Superficial
O: Maxillary tuberosity
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible
Deep
O: Lateral surface of medial pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid, pterygoid fossa
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible`
Most deep m. of mastication
O, I - Lateral Pterygoid
Superior
O: Greater wing of sphenoid (infratemporal surface)
I: Articular disc
Inferior
O: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I: Ramus (superiomedial surface) and condylar process
O, I - Masseter
Superficial
O: Ant. 2/3 zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible and ramus
Deep
O: Post. 1/3 zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible and ramus, and coronoid process
O, I - Temporalisi
O: Inferior temporal line
I: Travels UNDER zygomatic arch to coronoid process, anterior border of ramus
