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DMD 5221 > Axial Muscles > Flashcards

Axial Muscles Flashcards

1
Q

What artery runs either superficial or deep to the lateral pterygoid?

A

Maxillary artery

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2
Q

What muscle of mastication is surrounded by pterygoid venous plexus?

A

Lateral pterygoid

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3
Q

The buccal branch of what cranial nerve passes between the superior and inferior heads of the lateral pterygoid?

A

CN V

Innervated by CN V3

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4
Q

Which muscle of mastication contacts:

Parotid gland, inferior alveolar artery, lingual nerve, inferior alveolar nerve, and chorda tympani nerve?

A

Medial pterygoid

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5
Q

The parotid duct, transverse facial artery, and branches of CNVII pass superficial to what muscle of mastication?

A

Masseter

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6
Q

The branches of what cranial nerve pass superficial to the masseter?

A

CN VII

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7
Q

Which muscle of mastication does not elevate the mandible?

A

lateral pterygoid

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8
Q

Which muscle of mastication does not protrude the mandible?

A

Temporalis

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9
Q

Which muscle of mastication is the main postural muscle (maintains the mandible in rest position)?

A

Temporalis

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10
Q

Which cranial nerve innervates all 4 muscles of mastication?

A

CN V3

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11
Q

What 4 muscles, other than the muscles of mastication, are innervated by CN V3?

A

Mylohyoid
Anterior digastric
Tensor tympani
Tensor veli palitini

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12
Q

O, I, A, N for sternocleidomastoid

A

Muscle of anterior neck

O: Manubrium and clavicle

I: Mastoid region of the skull

A: Bilateral - flexes neck. Unilateral - rotation; face turns to contralateral side. Head tilts ipsilaterally

N: CN XI and C2-C3

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13
Q

Scalenes: Attachment, Action, Innervation

A

Oblique cervical muscles

Anterior, Middle, Posterior

Attach to TP of C2-C7 and the first 2 ribs.
Elevate the ribs or flex the neck.
Innervated by C4-C6.

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14
Q

What artery and plexus pass between the anterior and middle scalene?

A

Subclavian artery

Brachial plexus

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15
Q

What vein and nerve pass anteriorly to the anterior scalene?

A

Subclavian vein

Phrenic nerve

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16
Q

List the muscles of the anterior neck: Suprahyoid and Infrahyoid

A

Sternocleidomastoid

Suprahyoid muscles

  • Mylohyoid
  • Geniohyoid
  • Stylohyoid
  • Digastric

Infrahyoid muscles

  • Thyrohyoid
  • Omohyoid
  • Sternohyoid
  • Sternothyroid
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17
Q

OIAN - Digastric

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Anterior belly - mandible (deep side of inferior border, digastric fossa); Posterior belly - mastoid notch

I: Hyoid bone

A: Elevates hyoid; depresses and retracts the mandible during swallowing

N: Anterior - CN V3 (mylohyoid branch); Posterior - CN VII (digastric branch)

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18
Q

OIAN - Stylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Styloid process

I: Hyoid bone

A: Elevates hyoid during swallowing

N: CN VII

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19
Q

OIAN - Mylohyoid

A

Suprahyoid muscle

O: Mylohyoid line of mandible

I: Hyoid bone

A: Tightens and elevates oral floor; draws hyoid forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible; assists in moving mandible side to side (chewing)

N: CN V3 (mylohyoid branch)

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20
Q

OIAN - Geniohyoid

A

Suprahyoid bone

O: Inferior mental spine (genial tubercle)

I: Hyoid bone

A: Draws hyoid bone forward during swallowing; depresses and retracts mandible

N: C1, via CN XII

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21
Q

Which masticatory muscles close/elevate the mandible?

A

Masseter
Medial pteryfoid
Temporalis

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22
Q

Which masticatory muscles open/depress the mandible?

A 
Gravity
Lateral pterygoid (primary)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (secondary)
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23
Q

Which masticatory muscles protract/protrude the mandible?

A 
Lateral pterygoid (primary)
Medial pterygoid (secondary)
24
Q

Which masticatory muscles retract/retrude the mandible?

A

Temporalis (primary)
Mylohyoid
Digastric
Geniohyoid (secondary)

25
Q

Which masticatory muscles allow lateral movement of the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid (primary)

  • R pterygoid moves mandible L
  • L pterygoid moves mandible R

All other masticatory muscles (secondary)

26
Q

Which muscles make up the floor of the oral cavity?

A

Mylohyoid
- Muscular diaphragm

Geniohyoid

  • Cord-like muscle
  • Superior to the mylohyoid

Tongue
- Superior to the geniohyoid muscles

27
Q

OIAN - Omohyoid

A

O: Superior border of scapula
I: Hyoid bone
A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis

28
Q

OIAN - Sternohyoid

A

O: Manubrium of sternum
I: Hyoid bone
A: Depresses hyoid during end of swallowing
N: Ansa cervicalis

29
Q

OIAN - Sternothyroid

A

O: Manubrium
I: Thyroid cartilage
A: Depresses thyroid cartilage (Larynx)
N: Ansa cervicalis

30
Q

OIAN - Thyrohyoid

A

O: Thyroid cartilage
I: Hyoid
A: Depresses hyoid
N: C1, via CN XII

31
Q

Which two muscles associated with the hyoid and innervated differently than the others but alike to each other?

A

Thyrohyoid - Infrahyoid

Geniohyoid - Suprahyoid

32
Q

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

A

Genioglossus - CN XII
Hyoglossus - CN XII
Palatoglossus - CN X
Styloglossus - CN XII

33
Q

OIAN - Genioglossus

A

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

O: Superior mental spines (genial tubercle)
I: Body of tongue; hyoid bone
A: Protract tongue, depress center of the tongue
N: CN XII

34
Q

OIAN - Hyoglossus

A

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

O: Body and greater horn of hyoid
I: Lateral tongue
A: Depresses tongue
N: CN XII

35
Q

OIAN - Palatoglossus

A

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

O: Anterior surface of soft palate
I: Lateral tongue
A: Elevates tongue; depresses soft palate; moves palatoglossal fold toward midline
N: CN X

36
Q

OIAN - Styloglossus

A

Extrinsic muscles of the tongue

O: Styloid process
I: Lateral tongue
A: Elevates and retracts tongue
N: CN XII

37
Q

What are the 3 pharyngeal constrictor muscles?

A

Squeeze the tube to squish the food down

Superior constrictor (X)
Middle constrictor (X)
Inferior constrictor (X)
38
Q

What are the 3 longitudinal muscles of the pharynx?

A

Lift the pharynx back up

Salpingopharyngeus (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X)
Stylopharyngeus (IX)

39
Q

What are the muscles of the soft palate?

A

Tensor veli palatini (V3)
Levator veli palatini (X)
Musculus uvulae (X)
Palatopharyngeus (X) - longitudinal muscles of the pharynx
Palatoglossus (X) - extrinsic muscle of the tongue

40
Q

A, N - Ciliary body

A

A: Lens accommodation; constricts, relaxing tension on lens; lens become more rounded
N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion

41
Q

A, N - Spincter pupillae muscle

A

A: Constricts the pupil
N: Parasympathetic, CN III, via ciliary ganglion

42
Q

A, N - Dilator pupillae muscle

A

A: Dilates pupil
N: Sympathetic control, C1, via superior cervical ganglion

43
Q

AN - Levator palpebrae superioris

A

A: Elevation of upper eyelid
N: CN III - superior branch

44
Q

AN - Superior rectus

A

A: Elevation, adduction, medial rotation of eyeball
N: CN III - superior branch

45
Q

AN - Inferior rectus

A

A: Depression, adduction, lateral rotation of eyeball
N: CN III - inferior branch

46
Q

AN - Medial rectus

A

A: Adduction
N: CN III - inferior branch

47
Q

AN - Lateral rectus

A

A: Abduction
N: CN VI

48
Q

AN - Superior oblique

A

A: Depression, abduction, medial rotation
N: CN IV

49
Q

AN - Inferior oblique

A

A: Elevation, abduction, lateral rotation
N: CN III - inferior branch

50
Q

What is strabismus?

A

Cross-eyed
Lack of coordination of extraocular muscles
May affect depth perception

51
Q

If you have lateral strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?

A

Medial rectus

CN III

52
Q

If you have medial strabismus, what muscle and what nerve are you having a problem with?

A

Lateral rectus

CN VI

53
Q

O, I - Medial Pterygoid

A

Superficial
O: Maxillary tuberosity
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible

Deep
O: Lateral surface of medial pterygoid, lateral surface of medial pterygoid, pterygoid fossa
I: Medial surface of ramus and angle of mandible`

Most deep m. of mastication

54
Q

O, I - Lateral Pterygoid

A

Superior
O: Greater wing of sphenoid (infratemporal surface)
I: Articular disc

Inferior
O: Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate
I: Ramus (superiomedial surface) and condylar process

55
Q

O, I - Masseter

A

Superficial
O: Ant. 2/3 zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible and ramus

Deep
O: Post. 1/3 zygomatic arch
I: Angle of mandible and ramus, and coronoid process

56
Q

O, I - Temporalisi

A

O: Inferior temporal line
I: Travels UNDER zygomatic arch to coronoid process, anterior border of ramus

DMD 5221 (8 decks)

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