Gandhi in INDIA (1917-1919)

Question 1

Champaran satyagraha(1917)-First Civil disobedience

Answer 1

1 ) European forced the peasants to grow indigo in 3/20 part of the land (Tinkathia system)
2 ) Decrease in the fertility of the land
3 ) Peasants were forced to sell the produce at prices fixed by the Europeans
4 ) A committee was appointed and Gandhi nominated as a member
5 ) Tinkathia was abolished eventually

Question 2

Kheda Satyagraha (1918)- First Non-Cooperation

Answer 2

1 ) Crops failed in Kheda due to drought
2 ) If yield was less than one-fourth of the normal production, the farmers were entitled to remission
3 ) Revenue collectors were trying to collect tax
4 ) Gandhi went on strike to pay no taxes
5 ) Britishers suspended the tax for the year, reduce tax for next year, return the confiscated land/

Question 3

Ahmedabad Mill Strike (1918)- First Hunger Strike

Answer 3

1 ) Plague bonus to cotton mill owner was discontinued
2 ) Workers demanded a 50% hike in wages due to wartime inflation
3 ) Mill owners agreed to a 20% wage hike

Question 4

Principles of satyagraha

Answer 4

1 ) To uphold the truth and just demands
2 ) Essentially a non-violent resistance
3 ) A weapon of the strong and not weak
4 ) Would hate the evil and not the evil-doer

Question 5

Gandhian concept of Trusteeship

Answer 5

1 ) Capitalist class is Trustee of profits made by Industries
2 ) Profits made are not the private property of the capitalist class
3 ) The profits must be used for the welfare of workers and society

Question 6

Rowlatt Act 1919

Answer 6

1 ) Gave vast powers to the police to crackdown on Anti-British protests
2 ) Imprison an individual without a warrant or a trial who is suspected of Anti-British activity
3 ) Anti-Rowlatt satyagraha was launched
4 ) Jallianwala Bagh incident was followed
5 ) Hunter commission was appointed to check excessive use of force

Question 7

Khilafat Issue

Answer 7

1 ) Removal of Khalifa after WW1

2 ) Congress 1920 Nagpur session- Khilafat non-cooperation movement

Question 8

GoI Act 1919 (Montegu chemsford)

Answer 8

1 ) Objective was to establish self-government in India at an early stage
2 ) Women were demanding the right to vote
3 ) Majority of elected members were introduced at the level of provinces
4 ) Dyarchy at the level of provinces- Governor (Reserved subjects)and elected individuals (Transferred subjects)