INC 1885-1905

Question 1

MODERATES (INC)

Answer 1

1 ) Had western ideology
2 ) Upper middle class
3 ) Demanded Political freedom at par with British counterparts
4 ) Used constitutional legal methods to argue for reform of British rule
5 ) Relied on the use of the press to spread political consciousness
6 ) Refrained from demanding the overthrow of British rule fearing police crackdown
7) Argued for Indianization of civil services
8 ) Increase in representation for Indians in the legislative council
9 ) Demanded freedom of the press
10 ) Increase in import tariff to protect Indian industries
11 ) Failed to raise the issue of masses (peasants)

Question 2

Metcalfe Act 1835

Answer 2

1 ) Restrictions on the press were uplifted
2 ) End of license regime
3 ) led him to be recognized as the “Liberator of Indian press”

Question 3

Vernacular Press Act 1878

Answer 3

1 ) Introduced by Lord Lytton
2 ) Restrictions imposed on local language newspapers
3 ) Written affidavit: No Anti-British views to be published
4 ) Bond security of Rs.50,000
5) Repealed in 1880 by Lord Ripon

Question 4

Lord Lytton

Answer 4

1 ) Imposed Arms Act: Restrict access to arms

2 ) Organised Delhi Durbar in 1880 during Famine

Question 5

Extremists (INC)

Answer 5

1 ) Young Lal-Bal-Pal argued for a more radical shift in congress policy for tackling British rule
2 ) Demanded overthrow than reform
3 ) Supported the involvement of masses
4 ) Boycott of British goods and adoption of swadeshi
5 ) Criticised the moderate strategy as ineffective and argued that moderates had reduced nationalism

Question 6

Safety Valve and Lightening conductor theory (Formation of Congress)

Answer 6

1 ) A.O. Hume convinced Lord Dufferin for the formation of Congress to let out political steam without threatening British rule
2 ) Congress used A.O. Hume as lightning conductor to escape any direct resistance from British rule
3 ) Congress was not merely safety valve

Question 7

Council Act of 1861

Answer 7

1 ) First time establishment of the legislative council with Indian representation
2 ) British officials and Indians(nominated) appointed [Zamindars and Princely rulers]
3 ) LC were essentially powerless and granted no voting rights over budget ( never given power till 1919)

Question 8

Council Act of 1892

Answer 8

1 ) First time elected Indians were introduced in LC
2 ) Voting rights were granted only to men who owned Land and higher education
3 ) Budget could be discussed
4 ) Congress( moderates and extremists) were dissatisfied with Council Act of 1892