Gandhi - Early Years Flashcards

1
Q

When and What was the first Indian association created?

Who was the leader and what were their views?

A

1885:
Indian National Congress
Annie Besant, moderate ideals and autonomy (with consent from England)

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2
Q

What were the main changes following the Sepoy Rebellion?

A

Universities created:
Chennai, Kolkata, Mumbai

New Professions: Journalism, Law

Indian Consciousness of their rights

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3
Q

What was a major factor in delaying independance

A

A division amongst population. Nationalism often represented Hinduism, not Islam.

Also, English Leaders and Indian Apathy

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4
Q

When was, and what caused the Second Indian Rebellion?

A

1905: Government divides Bengal

They said it was to ease administration, but it was really to prevent people (politicians) from uniting

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5
Q

What were the results of the Second Indian Rebellion

A

2 years of unrest
People sent to island prisons
Country divided between Moderate and Nationalist

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6
Q

When and where was Gandhi born?

A

1869 in Gujarat

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7
Q

Describe Gandhi’s family

A

High cast, but not Brahmin
Youngest of 4 children
Traditional: vegetarian, no alcohol

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8
Q

At what age was Gandhi married? When did they have their first kid?

A

Married at 13, first kid at 15

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9
Q

Why didn’t his family want Gandhi to go to London?

A

His cast wouldn’t be recognized, but he promises to be faithful to traditions and wife.

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10
Q

What happens for Gandhi when he is in London?

A

He studies law for 3 years
Wants to become citizen
Adopts the culture (suits, dance, violin)
Joins theosophical Society and discovers the Bible and other Religions

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11
Q

What happens when Gandhi returns from Law School?

A

He can’t find a job due to over-saturation of lawyers, decides to go to South Africa for 1 year

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12
Q

How long does Gandhi stay in South Africa?

A

20 years

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13
Q

What were the 4 states in South Africa where Indians could live?

A

Cap, Natal, Transvaal, Orang

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14
Q

What were the difference between Rich Indians and Poor ones?

A

Rich Indian Merchants from Gujarat could buy the right to vote; could own land in Natal

Poor Indiand were basically slaves on plantations

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15
Q

What happened during Gandhi’s commute to SA?

A

He bought a first-class ticket, but was told to go to 3rd class because of his skin colour. He refused.

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16
Q

Why did Gandhi stay in SA for so long?

A

Laws changed:
Indians right to vote suppressed
Workers can’t stay freely after 5-year contact
Can’t move freely between states
All 10 fingerprints required for ID (usually reserved for criminals)
Only Christian marriages valis

17
Q

What did Gandhi create in SA as a means of protest?

A

A journal: The Indian Opinion

18
Q

When his journal failed to convince the Indian Congress of Natal, what did Gandhi do?

A

Disobey discriminatory laws
Non-Violent Protests
Calls for everyone to burn their IDS
Becomes a political leader

19
Q

What were the conditions of the communes created by Gandhi

A

No casts or distinctions
Everyone is equal, equal work (including his wife)
He begins to fast at times as a means of protest

20
Q

When did Gandhi return to India? What was his role?

A

1914: WWI

He acted as a pilgrim, delivering food from village to village

21
Q

What association does Gandhi join during the war and why? What were his views?

A

India National Congress, because after the ware, there’d be no leaders left.

22
Q

What was the populace opinion of Gandhi when he returned from SA?

A

Popular for not being a Brahmin
Not too modernist
Preferred traditional manual labour (better for poor people)
Popular amongst young and old generations.

23
Q

What important event occurs in 1917, establishing Gandhi’s importance?

A

A year of no monsoons
Peasants can’t pay taxes, so they ask Gandhi to intervene
He goes on a hunger strike, and the government compromises because of his importance

24
Q

After the war, what does the government do? How does Gandhi react? What are the consequences?

A

They decide to keep wartime laws
Gandhi gathers masses to boycott and pray
Non-violent protest, no one works
Amritsar: General Dyer orders soldiers to fire on protestors in city square; >400 dead.

25
Q

What was Gandhi’s main hope for the people of India

A

To unite Hindus & Muslims

26
Q

What did Jinnah create, and what was the goal?

A

The Muslim league

To create Pakistan