4 Independence

Question 1

What are the 3 main factors to be considered

Answer 1

Economic
Attitude of British Leaders (Moderate/conservative)
Attitude of Indians (United? Minorities)

Question 2

1920-1924

Answer 2

Forward:
Muslims and Hindus United
Protests against England
Followers of Gandhi + Passive Resistance

Question 3

1924-1929

Answer 3

Backward:
Leaders of INC imprisoned
Movement only popular in Cities, not villages
Gandhi asks society to improve itself before it can find independence

Question 4

1929-1935

Answer 4

Great depression, goods drop 90%
Nation Divided, Muslims don’t want to be minority if state becomes sovereign
Gandhi vs Ambedkar
England creates roundtable

Question 5

What was the conflict between Gandhi vs Ambedkar

Answer 5

Gandhi wanted unity by levelling the playing field, and removing the word “untouchables”, and replace with Arijan (Son of God)
Ambedkary didn’t believe this to be a practical plan.
Gandhi went on hunger strike.

Question 6

What was the purpose of England’s creation of a roundtable? What was the result?

Answer 6

To implement Indian leaders
However, all leaders from INC are excluded
Gandhi tells extreme nationalists to wait one year, then they will ask for independence if they don’t get what they want. This unites the extreme and moderate

Question 7

1935-1939

Answer 7

Backward
Indian Government Act
Indians get state government but not federal
England keeps rights to External Affairs
However, nothing can be accomplished before WWII
India asks for full independence for joining War, Churchill denies

Question 8

1939-1947: Economy

Answer 8

Economy drops
Blackmarket causes inflation
People can’t afford basic goods
People rebel

Question 9

1939-1947: How does Japan affect India

Answer 9

They enter the war making India vulnerable from all sides
England burns coastal crops

After a bridge collapses, they can’t get back to the crops and there is a large famine

Massive Rebellion, 2 million die

Question 10

1942

Answer 10

Gandhi calls to burn signs of English occupation

Question 11

1945:

Answer 11

Attlee succeed Churchill, is pro-independence

England realized they can no longer control the Indian Population

Indian leaders can’t agree on type of government, and whether or not to create Pakistan

Question 12

Date of Independence

Answer 12

August 15, 1947

Question 13

Problems still existing immediately following Independence

Answer 13

Religious, Territorial Unity, Form of Government

Question 14

What Religious problems followed Independence

Answer 14

East and West Pakistan created based on Muslim population
Mass riots during migrations
200,000 die - Nationwide violence
Many people leave for Canada/England

Question 15

What is Gandhi’s reaction to the violence following Independence?

Answer 15

He goes on a hunger strike
Many people stop, and even protect the opposite in an attempt to save Gandhi
Many assassination attempts on him for interfering

Question 16

When and how did Gandhi die?

Answer 16

1948, Assassinated by a Hindu Nationalist during a prayer meeting

Question 17

What states struggles to choose between joining India or Pakistan.
What was the common problem?

Answer 17

Kashmir - Hindu
Junagadh - Muslim
Hyderbad

Each’s leader was of different faith than the people.

Question 18

When was the Constitution written, and what was special about it?

Answer 18

January 26, 1950

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