Gametogenesis

Question 1

The female genital system consists of?

Answer 1

Ovaries, uterine tubes and uterus

Question 2

What are the functions of ovaries ?

Answer 2

Produce ova
Secrete estrogen and progestrone

Question 3

What are estrogen and progestrone responsible for?

Answer 3

They are responsible for the development of the secondary sexual characters and regulation of pregnancy

Question 4

What are the parts of the uterine tubes?

Answer 4

Fimbriae
Ampulla
Isthmus
Interstitial part

Question 5

The uterus consists of 3 layers in the uterine wall which are?

Answer 5

Endometrium : the internal lining mucosal layer ( Blue )
Mymoetrium : a thick smooth muscle layer ( green )
Perimetrium : external covering layer of peritoneum ( purple)

Question 6

The endometrium is split into 2 layers which are ?

Answer 6

Basal layer ( lower layer ) and a functional layer ( upper layer )

Question 7

Functions of the basal layer ?

Answer 7

Basal layer : contains the ends of uterine glands
Doesn’t shed off during mestruation
Regenerates the functional layer

Question 8

Functions of the functional layer :

Answer 8

Disintegrates and sheds at menstruation and after delivery

Question 9

Male reproductive system consists of?

Answer 9

Testis
Epididymis
Vas defernes
Seminal vesicle and prostate
Ejaculatory duct
Bulbourtheral glands

Question 10

Function of the testis

Answer 10

Produce sperms and secretes hormones

Question 11

Function of epididymis

Answer 11

Stores the sperms

Question 12

Vas deferens

Answer 12

Transports the sperms before ejaculation

Question 13

Seminal vesicake and prostate

Answer 13

Secrete seminal alkaline fluid that nourishes the sperms

Question 14

Ejaculatory duct

Answer 14

Transfer the sperms into urethra

Question 15

What is Gametogenesis

Answer 15

Is the process of formation of sperms ( spermatogenesis) in males or ova ( oogenesis ) in females

Question 16

What is speematogemesis ?

Answer 16

It is the transformation of spermatogonia into sperms

Question 17

How many days the spermatogensis cycle take and where ?

Answer 17

Takes 60 days in the seminiferous tubules of the testis

Question 18

How many stages does spermatogensis have?

Answer 18

4 stages
Proliferation
Growth
Maturation
Transformation

Question 19

proliferation

Answer 19

increases the number of spermatogonia
Spermatogonia which contain (44 XY)

Question 20

Growth

Answer 20

Increases the size of spermatogonia
The daughter spermatogonia enlarge to form
primary spermatocytes, which have (44 XY )

Question 21

Maturation
what happens during the first maturation division ?

Answer 21

Each primary spermatocyte produces 2
secondary spermatocytes, each
contains (22 + X OR 22 + Y) of double
stranded chromosomes.

Primary spermatocytes: contain 46
double stranded chromosomes
Secondary

Question 22

Maturation
Second maturation division
(meiosis II )

Answer 22

Each secondary spermatocyte
produces 2 spermatids , each
contains (22 + X OR 22 + Y) of
single stranded chromosomes.

Question 23

What is Transformation : spermiogenesis?

Answer 23

It is the process by which, the 4 spermatids are transformed into 4 mature
sperms
* The nucleus condenses
* The acrosome (sac of enzymes) appears, covers the nucleus
* Most of the cytoplasm is shed.
* Flagellum appears.

Question 24

The mature sperm
Head :

Answer 24

Has Nucleus
Acrosomal cap which contains enzymes that
facilitate penetration of secondary oocyte

Question 25

The mature sperm
Neck:

Answer 25

the junction between the head and the tail

Question 26

The mature sperm
Tail

Answer 26

is responsible for sperm motility

Question 27

what are the three segments of the mature sperm?

Answer 27

The middle piece contains, mitochondria which
provides energy for sperm motility (sometimes it is
called body).
* The principal piece.
* The end piece.

Question 28

what is Azoospermia?

Answer 28

Absence of living sperms in the semen.

Question 29

what is oligospermia?

Answer 29

Less than 10 million sperms per milliliter of semen is likely to be sterile, especially when the specimen contains immotile & abnormal shaped sperms.

Question 30

what is vesectomy?

Answer 30

This means excision of a segment of the
vas deferens (trans –scrotal incision).
It is the most effective method of male
contraception.

Question 31

after vasectomy, are there sperms in ejaculation?

Answer 31

After vasectomy ,there are no sperms in
the ejaculate , but the amount of seminal
fluid is the same as before the procedure

Question 32

what is oogenesis?

Answer 32

transformation of oogonia to oocytes

Question 33

where dies oogenesis occur?

Answer 33

site : ovary

Question 34

Prenatal events of Oogenesis
proliferation:

Answer 34

During early fetal life, oogonia
proliferate by mitosis to form many
daughter oogonia (44+ XX).

Question 35

Prenatal events of Oogenesis
Growth:

Answer 35

The daughter oogonia undergoes
meiosis I (arrested at prophase) to
form primary oocytes (44+ XX).

Question 36

at birth the ovary only contains primary oocytes that are arrested in the prophase 1
True or false ?

Answer 36

True

Question 37

is there oogonia after the growth phase?

Answer 37

No more oogonia

Question 38

First maturation (meiotic) division

Answer 38

Primary oocyte go through interphase & prophase.
* At birth, all primary oocytes have completed preparation for first meiotic
division.
* They remain in prophase 1 this stage until puberty

Question 39

completion of the first maturation meiotic division occurs at puberty every month?

Answer 39

yes

Question 40

Second maturation division (meiosis 2):
where does it occur?

Answer 40

the uterine tube ( only if the fertilization occurs )

Question 41

The 2ry oocyte released at ovulation is
surrounded by:

Answer 41

A non cellular covering of glycoprotein
coat known as the zona pellucida.
A layer of follicular cells called the
corona radiata.
The space between zona pellucida &
oocyte cell membrane is called peri –
vitelline space