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Addictive Behaviours > Gambling + Exercise Addiction (Week 7) > Flashcards

Gambling + Exercise Addiction (Week 7) Flashcards

1
Q

Impulse Control Disorder

A
  • Repeated failure to resist an impulse, drive, or urge to perform an act that is rewarding in the short-term, but has longer-term consequences.
  • Occurs in 10% of the population.
  • Types: kleptomania, pyromania, intermittent explosive disorder, body-focused repetitive behaviours, compulsive sexual behaviour, gaming disorder, and compulsive shopping.
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2
Q

Kleptomania

A
  • An impulse control disorder.
  • Pathological STEALING.
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3
Q

Pyromania

A
  • An impulse control disorder.
  • Fire setting.
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4
Q

Intermittent Explosive Disorder

A
  • An impulse control disorder.
  • Really persistent super angry outbursts.
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5
Q

Body Focused Repetitive Behaviours

A
  • An impulse control disorder.
  • A group of self-grooming behaviours that cause physical damage to the body.
  • Including hair-pulling (trichotillomania), skin-picking, lip biting, etc.
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6
Q

Impulse Control Disorder Cycle

A

Step 1: Tension/Arousal

Step 2: Impulsive act to diminish tension.

Step 3: Pleasure/Relief

Step 4: Experience regret/guilt about the impulsive act.

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7
Q

Habit VS. Addictions

A

Habits are NOT addictions.

  • However, habits can BECOME addictions through the transition from voluntary control to loss of control.
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8
Q

Habit

A
  • A routine.
  • Regular behaviour that is harder to give up the longer you engage in it.
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9
Q

Addiction

A
  • Continued use of a substance (or engagement in a behaviour) despite consequences to health and functioning.
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10
Q

Gambling

A
  • The staking of money (or something of financial value) on a future event that the outcome is unknown at the time of staking the money.
  • Slot machines (the crack cocaine of gambling), sports betting, lottery tickets, card games (online and in-person).
  • Most people who gamble do NOT develop a problem with gambling.
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11
Q

Who gambles?

A
  • Men engage in gambling more often than women.
  • Those aged 24 to 45.
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12
Q

Problem Gambling

A

A gambling disorder.

  • Gambling behaviour that damages, disrupts or compromises all aspects of one’s life.
  • Continued gambling despite negative consequences.
  • 3% to 7% of people who gamble regular have a problem with gambling.
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13
Q

Gambler’s Fallacy

A

A belief that the more often we play a game, the more our odds of winning increase.

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14
Q

Diagnostic Criteria For Gambling (DSM-5)

A

Persistent and recurrent problematic gambling behaviour leading to clinically significant impairments or distress, as indicated by the individual exhibiting four (or more) of the following in a 12-month period:

  • Needs to gamble with increasing amounts of money in order to achieve
    the desired excitement.
  • Is restless or irritable when attempting to cut down or stop gambling.
  • Has made repeated unsuccessful efforts to control, cut back, or stop
    gambling.
  • Is often preoccupied with gambling (e.g., having persistent thoughts of
    reliving past gambling experiences, handicapping or planning the next
    venture, thinking of ways to get money with which to gamble).
  • Often gambles when feeling distressed (e.g., helpless, guilty, anxious,
    depressed).
  • After losing money gambling, often returns another day to get even
    (“chasing” one’s losses).
  • Lies to conceal the extent of involvement with gambling.
  • Has jeopardized or lost a significant relationship, job, or educational or
    career opportunity because of gambling.
  • Relies on others to provide money to relieve desperate financial situations
    caused by gambling.
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15
Q

Gender Telescoping Phenomenon

A

Refers to a trend in the context of gambling and substance use disorders, where certain behaviours or conditions appear to manifest more quickly or at an earlier age in women compared to men.

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16
Q

Gambling + Alcohol

A

Gambling has a high co-occurrence rate with alcohol abuse.

  • Risk for alcohol use disorder is 3.8x higher in presence of disordered gambling.
17
Q

Androgenic and Anabolic Steroids

A
  • Used to increase muscle mass and strength.
  • Can result in paranoia, irritability, delusions, impaired judgement, mood swings, anger (“road rage”).
18
Q

Side Effects of Steroids on Men

A
  • Shrinking testicles
  • Decreased sperm count and infertility.
  • Balding.
  • Development of breasts.
19
Q

Side Effects of Steroids on Women

A
  • Facial or increased body hair.
  • Male pattern baldness.
  • Altered or stopped menstruation.
  • Deepened voice.
  • Enlarged clitoris.
20
Q

Blood Doping

A

Any method used to increase the number of red blood cells in the bloodstream.

Improves oxygen transport to the muscles.

  • ex. EPO use.
21
Q

EPO (Erythropoietin)

A
  • A hormone that is naturally produced by the kidneys that helps the body maintain a healthy number of red blood cells.
  • Used by athletes to boost their red blood cell count.
  • A form of blood doping.
22
Q

Creatine

A

Creates a “quick” burst of energy and increased strength.

23
Q

Anxiolytics

A
  • Can help athletes with anxiety or depression by reducing stress and improving mood.
24
Q

Diuretics

A
  • “Water Pills”
  • A class of drugs that increase urine production and help the body get rid of excess salt and fluid.
  • Used if one needs to lose excessive weight.
25
Q

Amphetamines

A

A class of powerful CNS stimulants that increase the activity of certain neurotransmitters in the brain, including dopamine and norepinephrine.

  • Increase endurance.
  • Decrease reaction time.
  • Reduce fatigue.
  • Reduce appetite to meet weight targets.
26
Q

Chewing Tobacco

A
  • Most commonly used with baseball players.
  • Nicotine is a stimulant that increases heart rate and blood pressure.
27
Q

Runners High

A
  • Short term
28
Q

Proposed Criteria for Exercise Addiction

A
  • Loss of control: unsuccessful attempts to reduce exercise level or cease exercising for a certain period of time.
  • Continuance: continuing to exercise despite knowing the activity is causing physical, mental, and interpersonal problems.
  • Intention effects: unable to stick to intended routine (exceed routine).
  • Time consuming: a great deal of time spent preparing, engaging, and recovering from exercise.
  • Reduction in other activities.
  • Tolerance: increase amount of exercise as one gets stronger in order to feel effects.
  • Withdrawal: in the absence of exercise, the person experiences negative effects.
29
Q

Secondary Exercise Addiction

A

Exercise addiction that is intertwined with another disorder.

  • ex. bigorexia (muscle dysmorphia), anorexia athletica (anorexia + excursive), exercise _ bulimia.
30
Q

Anorexia Athletica

A
  • A secondary exercise addiction.
  • anorexia nervosa + exercise addiction = Anorexia Athletica
31
Q

Bigorexia

A
  • A secondary exercise addiction.
  • muscle dysmorphia: belief that the body is too small or lean, even if already large and muscular.
32
Q

Proposed Phases of Exercise Addiction Development

A
  1. Recreational Exercise:
  • Exercise is adding to your quality of life.
  • Can rest if you have an injury.
  1. At-Risk Exercise:
  • Start to see a small loss of control.
  • When you find yourself lost in time and end up working out longer out of your own control.
  • Occasional, therefore not problematic yet.
  1. Problematic Exercise:
  • Nothing else matters in life.
  • Withdrawal if the behaviour stops (used not only for enjoyment but to avoid withdrawal).
  1. Exercise Addiction:
  • Life is ALL about expertise.
  • Consequences in other areas of life begin to develop.
  • Does not allow one to rest, even if they need it (work through injury).
33
Q

Filling the Psychological Void

A
  • Numb the pain with substances and/or behaviours to fill the psychological void.

Addictive Behaviours (10 decks)

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