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Addictive Behaviours > Treatment + Recovery (Week 10) > Flashcards

Treatment + Recovery (Week 10) Flashcards

1
Q

Harm Reduction

A

An evidence-based, client-centred approach that seeks to reduce the health and social harms associated with addiction and substance use, without necessarily requiring people who use substances from abstaining or stopping.

  • Educations about potential harms and teaches safe methods of administration.
  • Promotes safety through clean needles and safe injection sites.
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2
Q

Drug Detoxification (Detox)

A

Intervention of dependence and experience of withdrawal syndrome.

Three main steps to detox:

  • Evaluation: the medical team screens incoming patients.
  • Stabilization: patient has stopped taking drugs and begins to experience withdrawal.
  • Guidance: preparing someone for a long term recovery.
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3
Q

Quitting Cold Turkey

A
  • A type of detox.
  • An individual stops using an additive substance abruptly.
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4
Q

Inpatient Detox

A
  • Involves a stay at a medical or rehabilitation facility where individuals receive 24/7 care and supervision from professional.
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5
Q

Outpatient Detox

A
  • Involves treatment at a clinic or facility where individuals receive detox care but are able to go home after their sessions.
  • Return for follow-up appointments.
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6
Q

Medicated Detox

A
  • The process of using medications to help an individual safely withdraw from substances while managing withdrawal systems.
  • The goal is to minimize physical discomfort, reduce health risk, and increase the likelihood of successful long-term recovery.
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7
Q

Short-Term Medicated Detox

A
  • Ideal for individuals with moderate withdrawal symptoms who need immediate relief and stabilization BEFORE transitioning to a rehab program or other forms of treatment.
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8
Q

Long-Term Medicated Detox

A
  • Is suited for individual with more severe or chronic addiction who require ongoing medication management to prevent relapse and support sustained recovery.
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9
Q

Pharmacological Therapies

A

Medical treatment that uses medications to treat or prevent disease, relieve pain, or improve symptoms.

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10
Q

Antagonist Therapies

A
  • Pharmacological therapies.
  • Used to block or diminish the effects of addictive substances or to prevent the brain’s reward system from reinforcing addictive behaviours.
  • Ex. Naltrexone, Nalmefene, and The Sinclair Method.
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11
Q

Naltrexone + Nalmefene

A
  • Antagonist therapies.
  • Opioid antagonists that work by blocking opioids receptors.
  • Can be given orally.
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12
Q

The Sinclair Method

A

An antagonist therapy.

A method used for alcohol use disorder.

Involves taking naltrexone an hour before you drink in order to block the opioid receptor.

  • Result is that drinking won’t feel pleasurable anymore.

Have to keep drinking during the treatment for it to work, so it must occur under supervision of a medical professional.

Before taking naltrexone, you must be detoxed for up to 10 days.

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13
Q

Aversion Therapy

A
  • Pharmacological therapies.
  • Involves the repeated pairing of unwanted behaviour with discomfort.
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14
Q

Disulfiram (Antabuse)

A
  • A form of aversion therapy.
  • A mediation used to produce adverse effects when interacting with alcohol.
  • When paired with alcohol, results in headaches, nausea, extreme vomiting, vertigo, and blurred vision.
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15
Q

Agonists/Substitution Therapy

A

Pharmacological therapies.

A less harmful or controlled substance is used to replace a more harmful substance (a drug substitute).

  • Long-term feeling but a less potent high.
  • Main goal is harm reduction.
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16
Q

Nicorette

A
  • Used as a form of agonists/substitution therapy.
  • A way of consuming nicotine in a less harmful way.
  • Substitute for smoking.
17
Q

Amphetamine

A
  • Used as a form of agonists/substitution therapy.
  • A way to consume crystal meth in a less harmful way.
18
Q

Methadone + Buprenorphine

A
  • Used as a form of agonists/substitution therapy.
  • A way of consuming opioids in a less harmful way.
19
Q

Suboxone

A

Buprenorphine + Naloxone

  • Agonist therapy that reduces the effect of withdrawal when used correctly (buprenorphine).
  • Misuse results in an antagonist (naloxone).
20
Q

Campral (Acamprosate)

A
  • Helps to protect the nervous system by balancing out the effects of intoxication and withdrawal.
  • Used to stop craving.
  • Paired with therapy.
21
Q

Ayahuasca

A
  • An alternative treatment for addiction.
  • Root with a number of psychoactive and psychological effects.
  • Sacred to religious contexts.
  • Consumed in the presence of a shaman/guide.
  • Induces a “spiritual awakening”.
    Can result in a lot of negative side effects (dangerous).
22
Q

Ibogaine

A
  • An alternative treatment for addiction.
  • Psychoactive substance found in the roots of iboga tree.
  • Produces a more introspective, dreamlike experience.
  • Can result in a lot of negative side effects (dangerous).
23
Q

Psychedelics as Treatments

A

Combination of psychedelics with guidance/therapy.

Compounds that can induce hallucinations to treat mental health diagnoses…

  • Psilocybin (magic mushrooms).
  • Ketamine
  • CBD
  • Potential benefits + risks.
24
Q

Psychosocial Treatment

A

Two steps:

  • First, understand the NATURE of the problem and the immediate harms.
  • Next, understand the REASON for seeking treatment.

Best program would be tailored to individual needs.

Treatment options includes outpatient (group or individual), intensive outpatient, day treatment/hospitalization, inpatient, long-term residential rehab, halfway house, and peer support groups.

25
Q

Luxury Rehab

A
  • Revolving Door Problem (in and out constantly).
  • Insanely expensive.
26
Q

Halfway House

A
  • A therapeutic residential facility that may be used to bridge the gap between an inpatient rehab facility and a return to former lives.
  • Also called sober living homes.
  • Residents must remain sober, pay rent and other fees, do their share of house­ hold chores, and attend house meetings.
  • Strongly encourage involvement in
    12-Step groups and provide social support for recovery.
27
Q

Self-Help Groups

A
  • Non-professional organizations that are peer-operated by people who share the same addictive disorder.
  • Attendance is free, and members can attend indefinitely if they wish.
  • Examples includes Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA).
28
Q

Alcoholics Anonymous (AA)

A

An international organization whose purpose is to help those with alcohol use disorders stay sober.
- A peer support group.

  • Is SPIRITUAL, not religious.
  • You must help yourself and hold yourself accountable (self-help program).
  • Help each-other help themselves.
  • Sponsors who provide continuous and individual support.
29
Q

The 12 Steps of AA

A

These steps where created by Bill Wilson and Bob Smith as a set of guiding principles to help others on their journey to recovery:

  1. Admit powerlessness over alcohol.
  2. A higher power can restore sanity.
  3. Turn life over to the care of a higher power.
  4. Make a moral inventory of self.
  5. Admitted our wrongs to a higher power and to another person.
  6. Ready to have personal defects removed by the higher power.
  7. Ask the power to remove shortcomings.
  8. Made a list of all persons harmed, and become willing to make amends to them all.
  9. Made direct amends to such people wherever possible.
  10. Continue to take personal inventory, and promptly admitting when wrong
  11. Seek through prayer and meditation to improve conscious connections with higher power.
  12. Carry this message to other alcoholics, and practice these principles in all affairs
30
Q

Sponsors

A
  • Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) member who has progressed in their recovery.
  • Provides continuous, individual support.
  • Has a personal connection to the program.
  • Provides phone calls outside of meetings for support.
  • Associated with better long-term outcomes.
31
Q

Narcotics Anonymous (NA)

A

A non-profit organization for people with substance abuse issues.

  • A self help group that uses the same 12-step program as AA, but is open to all who suffer from drug addiction.
32
Q

Minnesota Model

A

Based on the premise that addiction is a chronic, progressive disease that requires both medical and psychological treatment.

  • Developed from alcohol anonymous (AA).
  • Happens more in a professional setting than an anonymous.
  • Primary goal: life of abstinence.
  • Change thinking, feelings, and acting.
  • Includes group therapy, CBT, education, and learning to live with a chronic illness.
33
Q

Cognitive Behavioural Therapy (CBT)

A

An action-oriented form of therapy that focuses on changing maladaptive thought patterns and behaviours.

  • Challenges unhelpful thoughts, beliefs, and behaviours to improve one’s emotional state.

Treats the underlying CAUSE of addiction.

  • Thoughts create feelings, feelings create behaviour, and behaviour reinforces thoughts.
34
Q

Individual Counselling

A
  • A highly personalized form of cognitive behavioural therapy that focuses on the individual’s specific needs, goals, and experiences.
  • One on one therapy session with a trained mental professional.
35
Q

The Stages of Recovery

A
  1. Pre-contemplation Stage
  • The person struggling with drugs may not believe that they have a problem.
  • May think that others are overreacting.
  1. Contemplation
  • May be willing to admit the problem and be open to the ideas of addressing it.
  • Not yet made a commitment to change.
  1. Preparation
  • Involves setting a date for action, developing a strategy, and making a declaration to others about the plan.
  1. Action
  • User takes steps to modify their behaviour, environment, and/or relationships in order to overcome the problem.
  • May feel ambiguous of this change.
  • High risk of relapse.
  1. Maintenance
  • Stage achieved after being drug or alcohol free for at least six months.
  • Involves developing new skills and strategies and making changes in the environment to reduce the risk of relapse.
  1. Termination Stage
  • Reached when the temptation no longer exists.
  • Some believe that the problem is solved at this stage.
  • Others believe that addiction is a lifelong condition that can never be entirely cured.
  • Relapse may occur and the cycle would start all over again.
36
Q

Medical Detoxification

A
  • A process that systematically and safely withdraws people from drugs under the care of a physician.
  • Is only the first stage of treatment because it is not effective long-term.

Addictive Behaviours (10 decks)

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