Galucoma Flashcards
Methods of production of aquousa humour
Most important contributor
Diffusion
Ultrafiltration
Secretion
Secretion
Type of tonometer
Indentation
Applanation
Both indentation and applanation
For corneal scar
What type of reading in applanation tonometry for thick and thin cornea
Schiotz
Goldmann (gold standard), Pascal, Perkins
Tonopen
Mackay Marg tonometer
Thick cornea- false high reading
Thin cornea- false low reading
Optic disc changes in glaucoma
1) increase cup:disc ratio
2) decrease NRR
3) nasal shifting of vessels
4) Broken vessel/Bayonating sign
5) Laminar dot sign ( lamina cribrosa)
6) splinter HGE (at optic disc margin)
7) Nerve fibre wedge defect
Clinical feature
Open angle vs acute angle closure attack
Open angle
1) Dull boring pain
2) frequent change of presbyopia glasses
3) delayed dark adaptation
Acute angle closure attack
1) eye pain radiating towards Ip/l side head
2) Coloured halo
3) blurred vision
4) circumcorneal congestion
5) shallow anterior chamber
6) pupil vertically oval mid dilated and fixed
7) corneal edema
Antiglaucoma drugs
1) increase uveoscleral outflow
2) increase trabecular outflow
3) decrease production
4) anti miotic
1) PG analogue
2) a2 agonist
3) B blocker, CA inhibitors, a2 agonist
4) Pilocarpine, Civemelline
S/E of
PG analouges
Beta blockers
a2 agonist
CA inhibitors
Pilocarpine
Hyperpigmentation, eyelashes growth,
C/I in uveitis, inflammation, CME, aphakia
Corneal anesthesia, dry eye, SUPERFICIAL PUNCTATE KERATITIS
C/I in asthma, 2nd 3rd degree AV block, DM
ALLERGIC REACTION, cns depression, drowsiness ( C/I to drivers, children)
C/I sulfa allergy, compromised cornea
C/I inflammation (increase risk of synechiae)
Laser treatment for
Open angle which laser used
Closed angle which laser used
Indications of glaucoma drainage device
Indications of expression shunt
Laser trabeculoplasty, Argon
Laser iridotomy, Nd YAG
Failed trabeculectomy
neovascular glaucoma
postpartum glaucoma
congenital glaucoma
Open angle glaucoma
Congenital glaucoma
1) other name
2) triad
3) pathogenesis
4) inheritance
5) number of eye involved
6) features
7) surgery
1) Buphthalmos/ Bull’s eye
2) photophobia +lacrimation+ blepharospasm
3) Trabeculodysgenesis (solid membrane)
4) AR
5) B/L
6) megalocornea, cornea edematous
HAAB'S STRIA,(Descemet's memb), Hz
Blue sclera
Enlarged eye ball
Raised IOP, Cupping, MAY OR MAYNOT BE +nt
7) goniotomy
trabeculOctomy
Causes of lens induced glaucoma
1) Phaco LYTIC
2) Phaco TOXIC
3) Phaco MORPHIC
4) Phaco TOPIC
5) Phaco ANAPHYLACTOID
1) hypermature lens+capsule intact
macrophage block
2) capsular breach
lens particle block
3) Intumescent cataract
4) Subluxation
5) anaphylaxis against lens
Pigmentory glaucoma /pigment dispersion syndrome
Source
Features
Iris pigments
Krukenberg spindle- lower part of cornea
Sampolesis line- at angle, ant to Schwalbe line
Pseudoexfoliation glaucoma /glaucoma capsulare
What blocks?
at which sites
White fluffy material
Angle
Pupillary margin
Malignant glaucoma
Other name
Cause
Test
Drug of choice
Aquous misdirection syndrome
Post Sx, rotation of ciliary body
Sieldels leak test NEGATIVE
Atropine +/- mannitol, acetazolamide
Schwartz syndrome
Glaucoma because of retinal detachment
Retinal cells block trabecular meshwork
