Gallbladder and Biliary Tract DZ Flashcards
What is the most common tumor of the biliary tract?
Cholangiocarcinoma
What is the most common cause of cholangiocarcinoma?
Primary sclerosing cholangitis
Primary sclerosing cholangitis has a strong association with what IBD?
Ulcerative colitis
What are common clinical findings associated with cholangiocarcinoma?
Obstructive jaundice, palpable gallbladder
Define cholelithiasis.
Gallstones
What are the types of gallstones? What is their composition?
Cholesterol stones- cholesterol
Pigment stones- bilirubin (associated with hemolytic anemia)
Which type of gallstone tends to be radiopaque?
Pigment stones
What are the risk factors for gallstones?
Female, fat, fertile, 40, family
What are the complications associated with gallstones?
Cholecystitis (most common), CBD obstruction
What are common clinical/lab findings with cholecystitis?
Vomiting, epigastric/RUQ pain, neutrophilic leukocytosis, + Murphy’s sign
What test is the gold standard to diagnose cholecystitis?
Ultrasound
Define choledocholithiasis.
Gallstone obstructing the CBD.
What are common laboratory findings associated with choledocholithiasis?
Elevated alk phos and bilirubin
Gallbladder adenocarcinoma is associated with what dz?
Cholelithiasis
What hormone stimulates contraction of the gallbladder?
CCK
What are the major causes of acute pancreatitis?
EtOH and gallstones
What is the most common cause of acute pancreatitis in children ?
Seat belt trauma
What is the typical presentation of a patient with acute pancreatitis?
Severe midepigastric pain with radiation into the back
What is Charcot’s triad? What does this indicated?
RUQ pain, jaundice, fever- acute cholangitis
What is Reynold’s pentad?
Charcot’s triad + hypotension and confusion
What causes chronic pancreatitis?
Repeated attacks of acute pancreatitis
In order for malabsorption to occur in the presence of chronic pancreatitis, what % of pancreatic exocrine function must be destroyed?
90%
A CT/plain film of the pancreas will demonstrate what finding in the setting of chronic pancreatitis?
Dystrophic calcifications
What are causes of adenocarcinoma of the pancreas?
Smoking, chronic pancreatitis
What tumor marker is associated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma?
CA19-9
