Gait - Zarzycki

Question 1

What are the spatial descriptors of gait?

Answer 1

Step length (R->L)
Stride length (R -> L -> R)
Step width
Foot angle

Question 2

What are the temporal descriptors of gait?

Answer 2

Cadence (steps per minute)
Stride Time R-> L -> R
Step Time R -> L

Question 3

What type of factor in gait study is walking speed and how do we increase speed?

Answer 3

Spatial-Temporal

Increasing Cadence
Increasing Stride Length

Question 4

What are the traditional phases of gait?

Answer 4

STANCE: Heel contact -> Foot Flat -> Midstance -> Heel Off -> Toe Off

SWING: Early Swing -> Mid Swing -> Late Swing

Question 5

What are the Perry and Burnfield phases of Gait?

Answer 5

STANCE: Initial contact -> Opposite Toe Off -> Heel Rise (of initial contact leg), Opposite Initial Contact

SWING: Toe Off (of initial contact leg), Feet adjacent, tibia vertical, next initial contact

Question 6

What is pre-swing a part of in the Perry and Burnfield model?

Answer 6

Stance Phase and Limb Advancement

Question 7

What is the flow of gait tasks?

Answer 7

Weight acceptance -> Single Limb Support -> Limb Advancement

Question 8

What is the flow of phases in gait?

Answer 8

Initial Contact 
Loading Response
Mid Stance 
Terminal Stance
Pre Swing 
Initial Swing
Mid Swing
Terminal Swing

Question 9

What is the distribution of time we spend in stance vs. swing?

Answer 9

60%, 40%

Question 10

In what period is your COM at its most superior point?

Answer 10

Midstance

Question 11

Which period might be the most difficult for someone with a stroke?

Answer 11

Mid-swing

Question 12

What are the two conflicting theories of gait?

Answer 12

Six determinants of gait: Motions are made to reduce vertical and lateral displacement of COM (not likely).

Inverted Pendulum: The leg acts like an inverted pendulum and so falls passively for half the gait cycle. (Likely!)