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Musculo 515 > Gait Training > Flashcards

Gait Training Flashcards

1
Q

NWB

A

-Non weight bearing
-Foot foes not touch ground

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2
Q

TTWB

A

-Toe touch weight bearing
-foot contacts ground for balance only

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3
Q

WBAT

A

-Weight Bearing as tolerated
-limited by patient tolerance (50% to 100%)

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4
Q

PWB

A

-Partial weight bearing
-usually 20% to 50% of body weight

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5
Q

FWB

A

-Full weight bearing
-no restriction, 100%

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6
Q

what are the requirements for gait?

A

-Support head, arms & trunk by maintaining a semirigid lower limb grip
-Maintain upright posture & balance
-Control foot to allow it to clear obstacles & enable gentle heel or toe landing through eccentric muscle action

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7
Q

what are the main task for walking/gait?

A

-Generate mechanical energy by concentric muscle contraction to initiate, maintain & forward velocity
-Provide shock absorption & stability & decrease forward velocity of body

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8
Q

what are the functional tasks accomplished in normal gait?

A

-Forward progression
-Balance
-Support of upright body

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9
Q

when does gait stop being irregular & variable?

A

7

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10
Q

what is the definition of a gait cycle?

A

-Sequence of motion that includes one stance & one swing phase on same limb

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11
Q

What is the sequence of a traditional gait cycle?

A
  1. heel strike
  2. foot flat
  3. midstance
  4. heel off
  5. toe off
  6. acceleration
  7. midswing
  8. deceleration toward heel strike
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12
Q

what percentage of gait does stance phase make up?

A

60%

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13
Q

what percentage of gait does swing phase make up?

A

40%

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14
Q

what are the stance phase stages?

A
  1. Initial Contact (heel strike)
  2. Load Response (foot flat)
  3. Midstance (single leg stance)
  4. Terminal Stance (heel off)
  5. Preswing (toe off)
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15
Q

what are the swing phase stages?

A
  1. Initial Swing (acceleration)
  2. Midswing
  3. Terminal Swing (deceleration)
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16
Q

where is a person center of gravity?

A

2 inches anterior to S2

17
Q

what is an antalgic gait?

A
  • Pain in lower extremities that causes a limp
  • May see a shorten stance phase relative to swing phase on the affected side
18
Q

what is a Trendelenburg Gait?

A

Weakness in the glute medius muscle that caused movement pattern changes in contralateral hip during swing phase

19
Q

what is a Uncompensated Trendelenburg gait?

A

contralateral hip drop; lean away from weak side

20
Q

what is a Compensated Trendelenburg gait?

A

contralateral hip hike displacing COM over the AOR on the affected side; lean towards/over weak side

21
Q

what is a hemiparetic gait?

A
  • Changes in gait pattern from normal that may include decreased cadence, prolonged swing duration on the paretic side, prolonged stance duration on no paretic side & step length asymmetry
22
Q

what is a Scissoring Gait?

A

increased muscle tone of the adductor muscles that causes the knees and thighs to be pressed together or crossing each other while walking

23
Q

what is a circumduction gait pattern?

A

weakness of hip flexors, contralateral hip dysfunction, or leg length discrepancy that causes combination movement of hip hiking, forward rotation of the pelvis & abduction of the hip

24
Q

what is vaulting gait pattern?

A

Ankle dorsiflexion weakness or leg length discrepancy requiring plantar flexion of the contralateral ankle during the single limb support phase to assist swing leg clearance

25
Q

what is foot slap gait pattern?

A

ankle dorsiflexion weakness causing the forefoot to rapidly decent during initial contact or no DF clearance during swing which results in a steppage gait

26
Q

what is ataxic gait pattern?

A

failure of muscle coordination causing an irregular foot placement, wide base, & instability during ambulation

27
Q

what is festinating gait pattern?

A

-Seen often in those with Parkinson
-Gait appears shuffling, it is slow with a short step length & narrow base
-Difficulty performing smooth turning or freezing at obstacles or passing through narrow areas such as doors

28
Q

where does a PT stand when guarding during gait?

A

-lateral & posterior on weaker side
- slightly behind & slightly to weaker side

29
Q

with what grip does the PT hold the gait belt?

A

underhand (supinated) grip

30
Q

in order of most to least supportive, rank AD’s

A
  1. Parallel bars
  2. Walker
  3. Bilateral axillary crutches
  4. Bilateral forearm crutches
  5. Hemi Walker
  6. Quad Cane
  7. Single Point cane
31
Q

in order of most coordination to least coordination required rank AD devices

A
  1. Bilateral forearm crutched
  2. Bilateral axillary crutches
  3. Hemi Walker
  4. Quad Cane
  5. Single point cane
  6. Walker
  7. Parallel bars
32
Q

when fitting a device at what landmark should the handle be at?

A

ulnar styloid process

33
Q

how much should the elbow be bent when using an AD?

A

20 to 30 degrees

Musculo 515 (6 decks)

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