Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Amp/Pros > Gait Review > Flashcards

Gait Review Flashcards

1
Q

What is a gait cycle?

A

initial heel contact of one foot to heel contact of the same foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

T/F Stride is synonymous with a gait cycle

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a step?

A

is sequence of events that occurs within heel contacts of opposite feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How many steps in 1 gait cycle?

A

2 steps

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What % of stance phase?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What % of Swing phase?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What % of single-limb support?

A

80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What % of double-limb support?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is stride length?

A

Distance between 2 successive heel contacts of the same foot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is step length?

A

Distance between successive heel contacts of 2 different feet

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is degree of toe-out? What is normal?

A

Angle between line of progression of the body and a line intersecting the center of the heel and second toe
5-7 degrees is normal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is step width? What is normal?

A

Lateral distance between heel centers of 2 consecutive foot contacts
Average is 8-10 cm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is a potential cause of Asymmetric step length often observed in prosthetic users?

A

spending less time in stance phase on involved side

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Asymmetric step length often observed in prosthetic users results in a shortened what on the noninvolved side?

A

shortening swing time and step length

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is stride time?

A

Time for a full gait cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is step time?

A

Time for completion of a R or a L step

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is cadence?

A

Number of steps per minute

Also described as step rate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the best and most functional measurement of individuals walking ability?

A

Gait speed - Distance covered in a given amount of time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Gait speed decreased when what two things occur?

A

Reduced:

  1. step length (early prosthetic users)
  2. Cadence
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

T/F Common that individuals using prosthetic and/or orthotic devices have slower gait speed, and expend more energy while walking

A

True

21
Q

What are some other common reasons for decreased gait speed in this population?

A

Tentative, poor gait training in early amputee, may not have had normal/quick speed pre surgery

22
Q

What 2 keys features of IC/Loading response?

A
  1. Shock absorption (Plantarflexion, Knee flexion, Pronation, Hip adduction)
  2. Forward propulsion through hip extension
23
Q

What 3 keys features of Midstance?

A
  1. Shock absorption
  2. Stabilize in single limb support
  3. Forward progression of tibia (closed chain dorsiflexion)
24
Q

What 3 keys features of Terminal Stance?

A
  1. Continued stabilization in single limb support
  2. Forward propulsion through plantarflexion
  3. Forward progression
25
Q

What 2 keys features of Pre-swing?

A
  1. Continued forward propulsion through plantarflexion

2. Continued forward progression

26
Q

What 2 keys features of initial swing?

A
  1. Forward propulsion of swing leg through hip flexion
  2. Foot clearance (functionally shortening limb)
    - Dorsiflexion
    - Knee flexion
27
Q

What key feature of mid swing?

A

Forward propulsion of swing leg through hip flexion

28
Q

What key feature of terminal swing?

A

Prepare for initial contact

Controlled knee extension, Ankle positioned into less supination

29
Q

Key muscle activity of hip extension?

A

Activated in terminal swing prior to initial contact to initiate hip extension and prepare LE for weight acceptance at the beginning of stance
(TF – initiate knee extension through hip extension )

30
Q

Key muscle activity of hip flexion?

A

Advance lower extremity forward during initial swing & lift lower extremity to allow for toe clearance during swing

31
Q

Key muscle activity of hip abductors?

A

Control the slight lowering of the contralateral pelvis on the side of the swing limb

32
Q

Key muscle activity of hip adductors?

A

Assist with initiation of hip flexion after toe off

33
Q

Key muscle activity of the knee extensors?

A

Eccentrically control knee flexion in loading response then act concentrically to extend the knee and support body in midstance

34
Q

Key muscle activity of the knee flexors?

A

Decelerate knee extension in preparation for placement of the foot on the ground (IC)

35
Q

Key muscle activity of the ankle dorsiflexors?

A

Eccentric activation to control plantar flexion of the ankle at initial contact until foot comes in contact with the ground (amputees don’t have these muscles to control DF)

36
Q

Key muscle activity of the ankle plantar flexors?

A
  1. Eccentric contraction moving into midstance to control tibial advancement
  2. Concentric contraction at Terminal Stance and Preswing to propel forward (“push-off”)
37
Q

Key muscle activity of the ankle invertors?

A

Eccentrically contracts to control pronation until midstance then concentrically contracts to supinate the foot for push-off in terminal stance/preswing

38
Q

Key muscle activity of the ankle evertors?

A

Also active as co-contraction to counter strong inversion occurring during loading response to midstance

39
Q

Loss of plantar flexors due to amputation or weakness can cause what 3 things during gait?

A
  1. Shorter contralateral step length
  2. Reduced gait speed
  3. Impaired balance
40
Q

What phase(s) of gait will this be most noticeable with loss of plantar flexors?

A

Midstance – gastroc most active eccentric to prevent excessive tibial advancement

41
Q

No prosthetic mechanism is needed to produce knee flexion given what two things?

A
  1. The individual can flex the hip – overactive hip flexion/contracture
  2. Ambulate fast enough to produce momentum – losing propulsion from ankle joint
42
Q

What general characteristics of prosthetic gait will decrease?

A 
Walking speed
stride length
cadence
energy efficiency
biomechanical efficiency
43
Q

Pistoning, common cause for many TTA deviation caused by poor suspension, results in what 3 things?

A
  1. Decreased stability (feels like limb will fall off)
  2. Decreased confidence
  3. Excessive pressure/shearing forces
44
Q

T/F For TF prosthetic users, gait cycle will be the same.

A

False, Shorter (more time in duel limb support to maximize stability)

45
Q

In midstance of TF prosthetic gait, how does the femur help with balance?

A

Weight shift over prosthetic (balance from femur pushing laterally reducing demand of hip abd) = slow stance

46
Q

During the swing phase of the prosthetic, how does the knee get into extension?

A

Pendulum effect by force from hip flexors – knee flexion into knee extension

47
Q

T/F No matter the cause or level, amputees have increased metabolic costs for ambulation

A

True

48
Q

Normal prosthetic gait is a function of what 4 characteristics?

A
  1. socket fit
  2. prosthetic alignment
  3. components
  4. user ability

Amp/Pros (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions