Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Amp/Pros > Chapter 2 > Flashcards

Chapter 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Myoplasty surgical approach -

A

sutures the ends of the cut muscles to each other, meaning that the posterior compartment muscles (gastrocs) would be attached to the anterior compartment muscles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Myodesis surgical approach -

A

sutures the ends of the cut muscles directly to the bone, allowing for better stability and muscular control of the limb.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Which surgical approach is better in the presence of ischemia?

A

myoplasty

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Which surgical approach is better to provide stabilization?

A

Myodesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a Symes amputation?

A

between bony surfaces of talus and the tibia/fibula at the ankle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is a hemipelvectomy?

A

removal of the entire lower limb and half the pelvis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

T/F In a hemipelvectomy, the glute max is retained if possible but oftens needs to be sacrificed.

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

In the presence of good circulation with good collaterals, the surgeon will attempt what level of amputation?

A

BKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

If there are no collaterals and a femoral blockage is present, the surgeon may opt for what level of amputation?

A

AKA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

If there is an active infection, the surgeon may opt for what type of amputation?

A

open flap method where the surgical site is left open to drain and closed at a later date.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F For a BKA, the anterior flap is left longer and wrapped posterior.

A

False, the posterior flap is left longer so it can be wrapped around anteriorly. The posterior flap has better circulation than the anterior flap so there is a better chance of healing using this method. This places the scar anterior rather than at the distal tip of the residuum.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

For an AKA, where is the incision placed?

A

the incision is usually more distal or slightly posterior. Since there is little pressure placed on the distal aspect of the AKA residuum, this is rarely a problem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is phantom sensation? How does it manifest itself?

A
  • Phantom sensation is the awareness of the limb still being present after the amputation.
  • It manifests as feelings of touch, pressure, cold, hot, wet, itching, fatigue or movement.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

When is the presence of phantom pain the greatest post surger?

A

Shortly after surgery and usually wanes over time

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is phantom pain? How does it manifest itself?

A
  • Phantom pain is the presence of painful sensations where the amputated limb would be normally.
  • It manifests as aching, burning, knife-like, shocking, squeezing or the pain experienced pre-operatively.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the neuromatrix theory of phantom limb pain/sensation>?

A

caused by the deprivation of various inputs from the limbs to the neuromatrix, causing an abnormal neurosignature to be produced

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Describe the cortical remapping theory of phantom pain/sensation.

A

due to plasticity, cortical remapping occurs after amputation in the somatosensory and motor cortexes and that the areas of the brain corresponding to the amputated area are now being taken over by adjacent areas of the brain.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What treatments have shown be helpful with phantom pain/sensation?

A
  1. peripheral input
  2. various pharmacological agents
  3. TENS
  4. mirror therapy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are 7 sources of residual pain?

A
  1. pressures from the prosthesis
  2. neuromas
  3. referred or radiating, often from the back
  4. presence of abnormal or scar tissue
  5. joint pain
  6. bone pain
  7. residual limb volume changes or atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What is the part of the prosthesis that actually houses the residuum?

A

socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What type of socket when the residuum bears weight at the distal aspect?

A

End-bearing socket

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a total contact socket?

A
  • A socket that completely encases the residuum.
  • Entire residuum contacts inside of socket.
  • Most sockets are of this design.
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the means of holding the socket on the residuum?

A

Suspension

24
Q

What is The shank which provides stability to the prosthesis and provides connection between socket and knee or knee and foot? (Simulates the femur or tibia)

A

Pylon

25
Q

An exoskeleton designed prosthesis gets its strength from where?

A

The hard outer shell

26
Q

An endoskeleton designed prosthesis gets its strength from where?

A

the pylon

27
Q

What are the pressure tolerant areas in a transtibial socket?

A

Patellar tendon
Medial and lateral tibial flares
Gastrocsoleus muscle group

28
Q

What are the pressure sensitive areas in a transtibial socket?

A 
Cut ends of the bones
Tibial crest and tuberosity
Fibular head
Tibial condyles
Distal hamstring tendons
29
Q

What type of socket design will have a large indentation at the level of the patella tendon?

A

Patellar tendon bearing (PTB)

30
Q

What type of socket design will have nonspecific loading with minimal bony reliefs?

A

Total Surface bearing (TSB)

31
Q

Describe the bench alignment for transtibial sockets?

A
  1. Foot set 1/2” medial to center of socket
  2. Foot set slightly posterior to center of socket
  3. Heel height about 1/2”
32
Q

Describe the bench alignment for transfemoral sockets?

A
  1. Center of heel under ischial tuberosity

2. 5 degrees of flexion built into socket

33
Q

Which 2 types of transtibial suspension systems used for very short residual limbs where extra support/stability is needed?

A

Supracondylar Cuff

Suprapatellar

34
Q

What type of transtibial suspension system covers the proximal end of the socket and the limb and the friction between the interfaces provides suspension and creates an airtight seal at the top of the socket?

A

Suspension sleeve

35
Q

T/F Suction socket can be used in both TF and TT sockets

A

True

36
Q

Describe an elevated vacuum suspension system.

A
  • suspension is achieved by mechanical or electric pump that draws air out of socket creating a elevated vacuum or negative pressure.
  • Used in conjunction with suspension sleeve to create airtight seal on residual limb above socket.
37
Q

What are the pros/cons of using suspension sleeve?

A

pro - ease of use

con - pistoning, bulky

38
Q

What are the pros/cons of using pin suspension?

A

pro - ease, less bulk, accommodates volume changes

con - distal drawing

39
Q

What are the pros/cons of using suction suspension?

A

pro - more responsive

con - harder accommodate volume change, loss of suction

40
Q

What are the pros/cons of using vacuum suspension?

A

pro - most responsive, secure suspension, can help maintain volume
con - vol. change accom., need air tight seal

41
Q

What are the pros/cons of using tether suspension?

A

pro - ease of use, accom. vol. change

con - less responsive, unwanted movement

42
Q

If the foot weight is too heavy, what will occur?

A

the foot is so distal, if it is heavy, there can be a pendulum effect with greater fatigue in the leg

43
Q

Which type of foot will return energy to the

user to enhance gait and decrease metabolic cost of ambulation?

A

Dynamic response feet

44
Q

For people with very low levels of function, what type of foot is used?

A

SACH (Solid Ankle Cushioned Heel) feet

45
Q

Describe a polycentric knee.

A

Polycentric knees have multiple linkages that creates a moving center of rotation, mimicking the arthrokinematics of a biological knee.

46
Q

A lower mobility prosthetic wearer will need what type of knee?

A

a safer knee which could be single axis or polycentric, possibly with weight activated lock that prevents knee flexion in stance and extension assist which extends knee in swing through recoil of springs/ elastics in knee

47
Q

What type of knee used a microprocessor to run advanced algorithms using data from a variety of sensors (accelerometers, gyroscopes, load cells) contained in the knee unit to determine how the knee will function?

A

Microprocessor knees (MPK)

48
Q

T/F Microprocessor knees (MPK) have a stumble recovery mode so if a user stubs the toe and stumbles, thus interrupting swing phase, resistance will increase in the knee to catch the patient to allow more time for the user to regain their balance

A

True

49
Q

T/F Microprocessor knees (MPK) have been proven to decrease energy consumption.

A

False, but decrease in mental fatigue and decreased attention to ambulation.

50
Q

Most TF sockets manufactured today are ischial containment sockets. What are the specific characteristics of the ischial containment socket?

A
  1. Narrow medial/lateral dimension compared to the quadralateral design
  2. Lateral wall is angled medially so femur is adducted. This position places gluteus medius in optimal position for firing
  3. Weight Bearing occurs through the ischium and soft gluteal tissue
  4. More stable than earlier-style sockets with less trendelenburg.
51
Q

For a K0 (Very poor ambulation. Prosthesis will not improve quality of life), describe the foot/ankle and knee of prosthetic.

A

Not eligible

52
Q

For a K1 (Can ambulate at fixed cadence. Household ambulator), describe the foot/ankle and knee of prosthetic.

A

Foot/ankle - Single axis, SACH

Knee - Single axis, constant friction

53
Q

For a K2 (A low-level community ambulator), describe the foot/ankle and knee of prosthetic.

A

Foot/ankle - Multiaxial ankle

Knee - Single axis knee, constant friction

54
Q

For a K3 (Ambulator at variable cadences. Higher than simple ambulator), describe the foot/ankle and knee of prosthetic.

A

Foot/ankle - Energy-storing/dynamic response feet, multi- axial ankle
Knee - Fluid and pneumatic controlled

55
Q

For a K4 (Exhibits high impact energy levels, child, active adult or athlete), describe the foot/ankle and knee of prosthetic.

A

Foot/ankle - Choice of any system

Knee - Choice of any system

Amp/Pros (12 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions