Gait rehabilitation Flashcards
what are the 2 types of kinematic analysis in the body
1) internal forces
2) external forces
what are internal forces
forces produced inside our body from muscles, ligaments, tendons and joint capsules
what are external forces
forces resisting body including inertia, gravity and friction
what are the 4 things that muscled can do during gait
1) shock absorption
2) accelerators
3) decelerators
4) stabilizers
what muscles provide shock absorption?
the quads at IC
what muscles are the accelerators
the gastroc and the iliopsoas at swing phase
what muscles are the decelerators
the hamstring at swing and the TA at IC
what muscles are the stabilizers in gait
glute med, glute max, and adductors
when is the most energy in the gait cycle
terminal stance
GRF at IC
posterior to the ankle and anterior to the hip leading to planter flexion torque and eccentric activation of the DF.
GRF at LR
Posterior to the ankle and anterior to the hip leading to eccentric control of the quads and TA
GRF at midstance
anterior to the ankle and posterior to the hip. eccentric control of the soleus and ridged foot
GFR at toe off
anterior to the ankle and posterior to the hip. most activation from the PFs.
Definition of Center of Pressure
the location within the foot where the GRF is applied
moved Lateral to medial during stance phase
what do peripheral mechanoreceptors detect
displacement, velocity, and acceleration of the skin to provide information about location, duration, and intensity of the stimulus
what do slow adapting somatosensory receptors respond to
constant stimuli as long as they are in contact with the stimulus.
what are the two essential sensory elements of gait
1) GTO and gait loading
2) hip and sensory input
basis of the CPG
1) flexion of the swing limb
2) loading enhances the stance of the extensors
3) sensory input modulates gait
what do the GTO in the hip do during gait (1b)
inhibits the generation of flexor bursts which prolongs the duration of the extensor activity leading to increased hip extensor muscle activation
hip extensor muscle activation and level of body weight loading are
directly related
what part of the gait cycle should be worked on to improve swing phase
terminal stance with increased loading and hip extension
what helps initiate swing
the proprioceptors responding to hip extension
how does whole body vibration activate the muscle spindle
1) increase muscle strength
2) decrease spasticity
mechanics of hemiplegic genu recavatum (knee hyperextension)
- HS weakness
- gastroc spasticity and weakness
- weak quads and string hip extensors
