GAIT-- Gen Review + Spatiotemporal Gait Measures

Question 1

Gait is 2 things:

Answer 1

• Cyclical
  
  • 60% stance
  • 40% swing
• complex coord. of jt. motion

Question 2

Spatiotemporal descriptors

Spatio

Answer 2

• Anything measurable w/ tape measure/ruler
  
  • ​stride length
  • step length
  • step width
  • Toe out or foot angle

Question 3

Stride Length

aka

Gait Cycle

Answer 3

• successive ground contact (heel to floor) w/ SAME FOOT
• cm’s
• avg==1.2-1.6cm

Question 4

Step Length

Answer 4

• Successive ground contact (heel to ground) w/ 2 DIFFERENT FEET
  
  • ​L.heel to R. heel
• looking for symmetry
• Cm’s
  
  • M= 74cm
  • F= 63cm

Question 5

Stride Length vs. Step Length

Answer 5

• Stride== Heel contact w/ SAME foot (1 cycle)
• Step== Heel contact w/ 2 DIFF FEET

Question 6

Step Width

Answer 6

Lat. distance b/w heel centers of 2 foot contacts

Cm’s

Avg= 8-10cm (3-4in)

Question 7

Foot Angle/Toe Out

Answer 7

• angle b/w line of progression of the body and the long axis of the foot
• Degrees
• avg== 5-7degs

Question 8

Spatiotemporal descriptors

Temporal

**think “Time”

Answer 8

• Measured w/ stopwatch or timer
• Gait speed (velocity)
• Cadence
• Stride time
• Stance time
• Swing time
• Double/SLS time

***Gold standard measure== electronic walkway bc sensors for footfall/footprint

Question 9

Gait speed (velocity)

Answer 9

• Ration of some dist. covered over some unit of time
• m/sec
• Norm== 1.4-1.6s (3mph)
• Things that affect:
  
  • age, gender, patho

Question 10

Cadence

Answer 10

• Steps taken over unit of time
• Steps/min
• the PHYSICAL AMT of steps
• Norm== 100-119 steps/min
  
  • HIGHER in females
  • LOWER in males

Question 11

Stride time

Answer 11

• How long is foot on ground?
• ratio of amt of time one foot is ON GROUND over entire gait cycle
  
  • ​IC–> ISw
• in steady state OR preferred walking speed==
  
  • 60% of gait spent in stance

Question 12

Swing time

Answer 12

• Ratio amt of time one foot is OFF GROUND over entire gait cycle
  
  • ​ISw–> IC
• 40% of gait in swing

Question 13

Double/SLS Time

Answer 13

• DOUBLE–>
  
  • ​Amt time spent during one gait cycle that 2 feet are in Stance Phase
    
    • ​contact w/ ground
  • measured in %
  • approx 20%
  • LR and PSw
• SLS–>
  
  • ​% of gait w/ only one foot in contact w/ ground
  • approx 80%
  • MSt, TSt, ISw, MSw, TSw

Question 14

2 phases of Gait in Double Limb support

Answer 14

LR

PSw

Question 15

Phases of gait in SLS

Answer 15

MSt

TSt

ISw

MSw

TSw

Question 16

Spatiotemporal parameters will DEC Step Length if…..

Answer 16

• DEC’d ankle DF ROM
• age
• Gross hip EXT DEC ROM
• pain in contralateral LE—bc of push off w/ opp foot

Question 17

INC in gait velocity will do what to % time spent in SLS?

Answer 17

INC

Question 18

INC gait velocity will do what to Stride Length?

Answer 18

INC

Question 19

INC in gait velocity will do what to Cadence?

Answer 19

INC

Question 20

INC in gait velocity will do what to Step Width?

Answer 20

DECREASE

Question 21

What spatiotemporal param. will INC w/ Poor Balance?

Answer 21

CADENCE

**more steps/min to stabilize

Question 22

DLS % in Older Adults?

Answer 22

INCREASED DLS