gait cycle + disorders Flashcards
what is the gait cycle?
period of time from initial contact with floor to next initial contact on the same side
what are the 2 phases of the gait cycle?
stance phase = 60%
swing phase = 40%
how does gait cycle change during exercise?
swing phase becomes greater than stance phase
what happens in the stance phase?
- heel strike
- loading response
- mid-stance (flat foot)
- terminal stance (heel off)
- pre-swing (toe off)
what happens in the swing phase?
- initial swing
- mid-swing
- terminal swing
what is meant by the term stride?
distance between initial contact of right foot to when it contacts the floor again
what is meant by the term step?
distance between initial contact of right foot and initial contact of left foot
what is cadence?
num of steps per minute
- what is concentric muscle work?
- what is eccentric muscle work?
- what is isometric muscle work?
- shortening - causes acceleration
- lengthening - causes deceleration
- stability
what is an antalgic gait?
- a painful leg
- stance phase is shorter for affected leg
- swing phase is shorter for unaffected leg
what is trendelenberg gait?
- hip abductor weakness (pain, neurological damage or trauma)
- pelvis drops on unaffected side in stance phase
- torso swings to affected side
- bilateral
what is hemiplegic gait?
- hemi brain injury (stroke, trauma)
- flexed upper limb
- extended lower limb
- short step unaffected leg
- circumduction of affected leg (goes out in a circle)
what is diplegic gait?
- neuromuscular gait
- scissoring
- tight muscles - psoas, adductors, hamstrings
- ankles are plantar flexed
- forefoot makes initial contact
what is high steppage gait?
- foot drop
- weakness of posterior muscles of leg
- toes hang down
- excessive hip flexion on affected side
what is parkinsonian gait?
- neurological disease
- short steps
- shuffling
- forward flexed
- no arm swing
