Gait Cycle

Question 1

Stance phase vs Swing phase

Answer 1

Stance = 60%
Swing = 40%

Question 2

Double Vs Single limb support phase

Answer 2

Single= midstance + terminal stance+ 3 swing phase

Double= Initial Contact, Loading response,
Pre-Swing

Double= 20%
Single= 80%

Question 3

Gait Value

Answer 3

Stride
= distance of successive points of heel contact of the same foot
~1.4 m

Step
= distance of the heel contact point of one foot and that of the other foot
~0.7 m

Velocity
~1.3 m/s

Question 4

Rancho Los Amigos Gait Classification

Answer 4

Stance:
Initial contact
Loading response
Midstance
Terminal stance
Pre-swing

Swing:
Initial swing
Mid-swing
Terminal swing

Question 5

Initial contact (Heel Strike)

Answer 5

most muscles are working eccentrically

Hip extensor-slow down & stabilise the limb

Quad- Con: hold knee in extesion
–>Ecc: contral amount of knee flexion

TA- Ecc: prevent foot slap

Joint range:
Hip: 30 flex
Knee: 0-15
Ankle: 0-15 PF

Question 6

Loading response (foot flat)

Answer 6

• Transfering body weight to the supporting limb

Quad- Ecc: stabilize knee
–>Con: extend knee

TA-Ecc: control PF moment

Joint range
* Hip: 30° flexion - 5° flexion
* Knee: 15° - 5° flexion
* Ankle: 15° PF -10 DF

Question 7

Midstance

Answer 7

• Opposite limb: leaves the ground
  Tredenleburg sign happen here

Hip Extensor & Quad-
Con: advance body forward

Glute Med- Ecc: control pelvic alignment

Gastro: Ecc: control advance of tabia over foot

Joint range
* Hip: 5° flexion - 10° hyperext
* Knee: 5° flexion - 0° (neutral)
* Ankle: 10° - 15° DF
(Stiff ankle–>compensate with pronation)

Question 8

Terminal stance (heel off)

Answer 8

• Stance leg heel raise–>opposite heel touch the ground

Gastro, Soleus, peroneals & flexor hallucis longus-
Con: PF the ankle

Joint range
* Hip: 10° hypertext - 0° (neutral)
* Knee: 0° - 5° flexion
* Ankle: 15° DF - 20° PF
* Start to see initiation of windlass mech (PF, great toe extension and supination of foot)

Question 9

Pre-swing (toe off)

Answer 9

• start with IC of opposite limb

Hip flexor-Con: advance limb forward

Knee flexion- passive due to PF pushing off

PFer- Con: generate force to push off

Joint range:
* Hip: 0° (neutral) - 20° flexion
* Knee: 5° - 40° flexion
* Ankle: 20° PF -0° (neutral)
* Great toe: 65° - 70° extension at toe off
* Windlass mech in full effect

Question 10

Initial swing (acceleration)

Answer 10

• Main acceleration phase

Hip flexor-Con: advance the leg

Hamstring-Con: flex knee

DFer-Con: foot clearance

Joint range:
* Hip: 20° - 30° flexion
* Knee: 40°- 60° flexion
* Ankle: 0° (neutral) throughout swing

Question 11

Mid-swing

Answer 11

Quad-Con: extend the knee

DFer- Con: keep foot clearance

Joint range:
* Hip: 30° flexion
* Knee: 60°- 30° flexion
* Ankle: 0°

Question 12

Terminal swing

Answer 12

Hamstrings-Ecc: decelerate forward motion of thigh

Joint range:
* Hip: 30° flexion
* Knee: 30° flexion - 0° (neutral)
* Ankle: 0°

Question 13

Gait ROM requirement

Answer 13

Whole Cycle:
Hip- 10° extension - 30° flexion
Knee- 0° - 60° flexion
Ankle- 15° DF - 20° PF
Great toe- 0° - 65°/70° extension

Stance Phase:
Hip- 10° extension - 30° flexion
Knee- 0° -40° flexion
Ankle- 15° DF - 20° PF
Great toe- 0° - 65°/70° extension

Swing Phase:
Hip- 20 - 30° flexion
Knee- 0° - 60° flexion
Ankle- neutral
Great toe- 0°