Gait assessment Flashcards
Weakness of what muscle over-exaggerates shift to supporting leg in stance phase?
gluteus medius
under-rotation of the pelvis in swing phase may indicate what?
pain on weight-bearing
what may cause loss of normal smooth gait in push off?
knee stiffness, fusion, or pain
difficulty of knee extension in heel strike may be caused by weakness of what muscle(s)?
quadriceps
what muscle contracts for dorsiflexion in heel strike
tibialis anterior
foot slap in midstance is caused by…
weak dorsiflexors
contralateral hip drop during mid-stance phase is due to weakness of what muscles?
gluteus medius and minimus
what muscles are responsible for the push-off phase?
gastrocnemius, soleus, FHL
anterior pelvic rotation during acceleration is caused by weakness of what muscle?
quadriceps femoris
what muscle extends the knee during deceleration?
quadriceps femoris
what muscles contract to slow down the swing (deceleration) prior to heel strike?
hamstrings
antalgic gait
gait with dec. time in stance
inc. time in swing on painful side
ataxic gait
wide/broad-based gait to accommodate loss of balance
parkinsons gait
hypokinetic or festinating gait with increased tone through all muscles creating small movements in lower extremities; decreased trunk movements
when does hip adductor spasticity affect gait what type of gait results
in stance = contralateral hip drop
results in scissor gait = less BOS
phases in gait
1) initial contact
2) loading response
3) mid-stance
4) terminal stance
5) preswing
6) initial swing
7) mid swing
8) terminal swing
What gait deviations can occur at the knee, and at what phase of gait does this occur?
- inadequate extension (terminal swing through terminal stance)
- flexion limited, absent or excessive (loading response, pre-swing, initial contact)
- hyperextension (any stance phase)
- varus (any phase)
- valgus (any phase)
What gait deviations can occur at the hip? and at what phase of gait?
- inadequate flexion (swing-phases through to loading response)
- inadequate extension (mid-swing phases through pre-swing)
- adduction- abduction (any phase)
- external- internal rotation (any phase)
- valgus (any phase)
What gait deviations can occur at the pelvis? and in what phase of gait?
- anterior tilt (symphysis down)
- posterior tilt (symphysis up)
- controlateral drop ipsolateral drop
- hike (ipsolateral elevation)
What gait deviations can occur at the trunk? and in what phase of gait?
- forward lean
- backward lean
- rotation (to left or right)
- lateral lean
Describe the gait compensations associated with laxity of the medial collateral ligament of the knee
- joint deforms into valgus during stance phase To maintain balance: - the hip adducts - the ankle inverts - the spine laterally flexes
Describe the gait compensations associated with gluteus maximus weakness.
In normal gait the gluteus maximus prevents forward flexion of the trunk at the hips during IC.
To compensate the pelvis is thrust forward with hyperextension at the hip joint and increased lordosis of the lumbar spine
