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E And E > Gait > Flashcards

Gait Flashcards

1
Q

Where is COM in adult

A

Slightly anterior to s2

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2
Q

What is vertical pelvic shift

A

Up and down movement. One inch higher at midstance and one inch lower and initial contact so 2 point deviation.

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3
Q

What is lateral pelvic shift

A

Increases if feet are further apart. Relative to ADD and WB limb, decreases speed.trendelenberg gait.

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4
Q

When does the limb eleongate and shorten

A

Elongates forward limb during DS. elongates rear limb to lengthen step in single

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5
Q

Why does the body not fully align itself over the foot during walking?

A

Lose too much energy

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6
Q

When is balance most stable

A

Lowest point of com. Double support time. Energy generation.

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7
Q

When is balance least stable

A

At the highest point of com. Midstance or single leg time. Energy absorption.

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8
Q

What are the 3 elements of postural control

A

Visual, vestibular, proprioceptive

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9
Q

What is kinematics

A

Range of motion cadence step speed distance

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10
Q

What is kinetics

A

Forces of gate such as muscle or ground forces

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11
Q

At what phase of gate does the center of mass lower

A

Double support in which the body prepares to be an energy generation mode

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12
Q

When does the center of mass Rise in gait

A

During single support in which energy absorption is occurring

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13
Q

What is a heel rocker

A

Initial contact foot rolls into plantarflexion

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14
Q

What is an ankle rocker

A

During loading response the tibia Rowles forward with passive dorsiflexion. Sold us and gastroc‘s is eccentric reallyhelp or nay not cave-in

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15
Q

What is a forefoot rocker

A

During terminal stance the gastroc decelerates the tibia initially this is the highest torque demand in gait cycle

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16
Q

When is their maximum supination

A

Preswing

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17
Q

What happens if we have too much pronation

A

Bunions

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18
Q

What happens with femoral anteversion

A

Toe in excessive pronation I loading response terminal stance and pre-suing because internally rotated

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19
Q

What is femoral retroversion

A

Toes out we may have to use the hip to Lyft to clear the toe

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20
Q

What happens with tibial torsion

A

Changes in thigh and foot angle at mid stance we can break down at the knee or foot

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21
Q

What happens with pronated flat feet

A

Decrease in the ability to absorb energy of the foot painful

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22
Q

How much MTP extension do we need for gait

A

30-60°

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23
Q

What happens if we have a loss of motion at the first MTP joint

A

Spin calluses extern all rotation of the hip to get off of the big toe

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24
Q

What walking speed do we need for ambulation and what do we need to safely cross the street

A

0.8 to 1.2 for ambulation and 1.2 to 1.4 to safely cross the street

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25
Q

At what point in gates are we least stable

A

Mid stance think this is why you get down in football

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26
Q

What are 4tasks to make gate functional

A

Balance energy generation energy absorption foot patterns

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27
Q

What is the most demanding tasks in the gate cycle

A

Maintaining stability during weight acceptance

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28
Q

What is positive work

A

Concentrix force generating muscle center of mass fall time is acceleration

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29
Q

What is negative work

A

Eccentric force absorbing center of mass rise time deceleration deceleration

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30
Q

What is the physiological cost index

A

Walking heart rate minus resting heart rate divided by average speed

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31
Q

What is antalgic gait

A

Painful gate there is a quick step on the good side they do not want to wait shift decreased step length decrease swing phase of normal leg

32
Q

What is arthro-genic gate

A

A stiff joint it may have to raise pelvis to clear foot if the knee is fused we could have recurvatum we decrease the step length and cadence

33
Q

What is a Trendelenburg gait

A

If we have weak hip abductors short step length decreased gait velocity

34
Q

What is a Trendelenburg lurch

A

Lim too involved side when that side is in stance to shorten the muscles on the involve side

35
Q

What is vaulting

A

Tigger gate pronounced plantarflexion in normal leg done sometimes to clear a prosthesis on the other side can also be from tight gastroc Solias

36
Q

When would a person circumduct the leg

A

When one leg is longer when the nearest fused ankle problems hip flexor weakness

37
Q

What is a drop foot gate

A

The toes hit first initial contact if it is severe more knee flexion all affected side or lean to opposite side to hike the hip

38
Q

What is ataxic gait

A

It is cerebellar wide stance staggering on steady trunk anterior posterior jerking and cannot walk with a small base of support

39
Q

What is equinas gate

A

Toe walking for plantarflexion all the time walk on the lateral part of the foot common in children and must surgically release the tendons

40
Q

What is a scissors gate

A

Add duction of the thighs spastic flexed at the trunk internally rotated short step length

41
Q

What is a crouch gait

A

Similar to scissors but with very flexed knees they are very contracted in their trunk is very flexed

42
Q

What is a hemiparetic gate

A

Extended internally rotated and circumducted poor quad function sometimes add shoulder flexion elbow flexion and a closed fist they have severe knee extension and the tibia never goes over the fight

43
Q

What is classic Parkinson gate

A

Tremors rigidity very stiff very short steps shuffling bradykinesia bradykinesia

44
Q

What is festination Parkinson gate

A

Even smaller steps than the classic and more difficulty turning

45
Q

When are no the extensors active

A

During terminal stance the restraint to stabilize the knee is done by calf muscles and also biceps femoris to short head to prevent hyperextension

46
Q

What is happening at the hip at initial contact

A

20° of flexion and the hip are active

47
Q

What is happening at the knee at initial contact

A

5° of flexion and the quadriceps are active

48
Q

What is happening at the ankle at initial contact

A

0° and it is due to the pretibial’s

49
Q

What is happening at the hip in loading response

A

20° of flexion and the extensors and abductor’s are active

50
Q

What is happening at the knee at loading response

A

15° of flexion and the quadriceps are active

51
Q

What is happening at the ankle in loading response

A

5° of plantar flexion and the pretibial’s are active

52
Q

What are the critical events in loading response

A

Hip stability controlled knee flexion and control plantarflexion

53
Q

What is happening at the hip in mid stance

A

0° and the abductors are active

54
Q

What is happening at the knee at mid stance

A

5° of flexion and initially the quadriceps are active but then there is no activity

55
Q

What is happening at the ankle in midsentence

A

5° of dorsiflexion and the calf muscles are activated

56
Q

What is the critical event in mid stance

A

Controlled tibial advancement

57
Q

What is happening at the hip at terminal stance

A

20° of apparent hyperextension. With no muscle activity

58
Q

What is happening at the knee and terminal stance

A

5° of flexion with no muscle activity

59
Q

What is happening at the ankle in terminal stance

A

10° of dorsiflexion with the calf muscles active

60
Q

What are the critical events in terminal stance

A

Controlled ankle dorsiflexion with heel rise

61
Q

What is happening at the hip in pre-swing

A

10° of hyper extension and the adductors are active

62
Q

What is happening at the knee in preswing

A

40° of flexion with no muscle activity

63
Q

What is happening at the ankle in pre-swing

A

15° of plantar flexion with no muscle activity

64
Q

What is the critical event in pre-swing

A

Passive knee flexion to 40° and ankle plantarflexion

65
Q

What is happening at the hip in initial swing

A

15° of flexion with the hip flexor activity

66
Q

What is happening at the knee in initial swing

A

60° of flexion which is done so by the knee flexors

67
Q

What is happening at the ankle in initial swing

A

5° of plantar flexion which is done so with the pre-tibial’s

68
Q

What is a critical event in initial swing

A

Hip flexion to 15° and knee flexion to 60°

69
Q

What is happening at the hip in mid swing

A

25° of flexion which is done by the flexors initially and then by the hamstrings

70
Q

What is happening at the knee in mid swing

A

25° of flexion which is done by the knee flexors

71
Q

What is happening at the ankle in mid swing

A

0° which is done so by the pre-tibials

72
Q

What are the critical events with mid swing

A

Further hip flexion to25° and ankle dorsiflexion to 0°

73
Q

What is happening at the hip in terminal swing

A

20° of flexion done so by the hamstrings

74
Q

What is happening at the knee in terminal swing

A

5° of flexion done so by the quads

75
Q

What is happening at the ankle in terminal swing

A

0° done so by the pretibial’s

76
Q

What is the critical event in terminal swing

A

Knee extension two neutral but possibly 5° of flexion

E And E (6 decks)

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