GAIT Flashcards
normal walking requires what 3 things?
LOCOMOTION- initiation & termination of movement
POSTURAL CONTROL- ground clearance, balance
ADAPTATION- change in speed & direction
what are the types of energy in movement?
kinetic, potential(building up) , heat
when is potential energy the highest?
mid stance
when is kinetic energy the highest?
heel contact
what is the central pattern generator?
group of neurons in SC that guide rhythm in isolation
what does the cerebellum do in relation to walking?
smoothes and coordinates movement, error detection
what does the SC do in relation to walking?
controls rhythm, supports weight
what does the motor cortex do in relation to walking?
planned and skilled gait
what does the brainstem (pons, medulla) do in relation to walking?
EQ balance, initiation of movement
what % is stance phase?
60%
what % is swing phase?
40%
what is the highest point of the gait cycle?
mid stance
which muscles are active during heel contact?
Eccentrically= dorsiflexors concentrically= glutes, hamstrings, hip flexors
does 2 steps equal 1 stride?
YUP
plantar flex (soleus gastroc) perform what action during mid stance?
eccentric contraction
is terminal stance the lowest amount of energy?
yes and the height is at its lowest
during terminal swing the hamstrings are eccentrically active to prevent what?
hyperextension of the knee
during terminal swing the glutes are active why?
to slow hip swing
quads become active during terminal swing why?
anticipation of weight acceptance (heel contact)
flexion occurs at all joints during stance phase of stair walking. true or false
true
extension of all joints occurring during swing phase of stair walking. true or false
true
describe Trendelenberg gait
glute med & min weakness
in single leg stance, the opp hip drops
describe antalgic gait
longer stance phase on the NON AFFECTED limb (shorter on non affected)
what is circumduction?
movement pattern known as a combo of hip ABDUCTION and flexion to clear foot during gait
what is vaulting ?
when the affected leg is in swing phase, the supporting leg goes up on toes
describe trunk lean:
forward lean to move C of M over B of S for stability
contralateral side lean to allow clearance of swing leg
backward lean to move COFM behind BOFS for advancement of swing leg
what is whole training?
walking with assistance
what is part training?
breaking the walking cycle into parts (weight transfer, stepping back and forth)
what are the 3 posterior deep leg muscles and which nerve supplies them
tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
tibial nerve
what nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis
superficial peroneal
what are the 3 anterior lower leg muscles and what nerve
tib.ant, extensor digitorum longus, extensor halluces longus
deep peroneal
what nerve supplies the quads?
femoral
what nerve supplies the hamstrings?
sciatic
what 2 nerves does the sciatic split into
tibial and common peroneal
which 2 superficial posterior leg muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve
gastrocnemius and soleus
plantar flexors
what actions do the peroneals do
evert and PF
what is happening in heel contact(double support)
eccentric contraction - dorsiflexors
concentric- glut max, hamstrings, quads
knee in slight flexion
mid stance: (single support)
highest point of height and potential energy
concentric= glut med & min (prevent collapse in frontal plane)
eccentric= planter flexors
knee near full extension decreasing requirement of quads
terminal stance: Double support
concentric= glut max, planter flexors
which 3 stages are involved in stance phase?
heel contact, mid swing, terminal stance
which 3 are involved with swing phase ? (tib ant always active)
initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing
initial swing:
concentric- hip flexors
mid swing
concentric- dorsiflexors
terminal swing
isotonic contraction of quads
eccentric= glutes, hamstrings
if the left hip is affected due to weak hip abductors would you use a cane on the opposite side
yes
what is a contractor
tissues stuck in a short position
