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module 4 102 > GAIT > Flashcards

GAIT Flashcards

1
Q

normal walking requires what 3 things?

A

LOCOMOTION- initiation & termination of movement
POSTURAL CONTROL- ground clearance, balance
ADAPTATION- change in speed & direction

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2
Q

what are the types of energy in movement?

A

kinetic, potential(building up) , heat

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3
Q

when is potential energy the highest?

A

mid stance

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4
Q

when is kinetic energy the highest?

A

heel contact

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5
Q

what is the central pattern generator?

A

group of neurons in SC that guide rhythm in isolation

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6
Q

what does the cerebellum do in relation to walking?

A

smoothes and coordinates movement, error detection

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7
Q

what does the SC do in relation to walking?

A

controls rhythm, supports weight

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8
Q

what does the motor cortex do in relation to walking?

A

planned and skilled gait

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9
Q

what does the brainstem (pons, medulla) do in relation to walking?

A

EQ balance, initiation of movement

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10
Q

what % is stance phase?

A

60%

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11
Q

what % is swing phase?

A

40%

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12
Q

what is the highest point of the gait cycle?

A

mid stance

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13
Q

which muscles are active during heel contact?

A 
Eccentrically= dorsiflexors
concentrically= glutes, hamstrings, hip flexors
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14
Q

does 2 steps equal 1 stride?

A

YUP

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15
Q

plantar flex (soleus gastroc) perform what action during mid stance?

A

eccentric contraction

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16
Q

is terminal stance the lowest amount of energy?

A

yes and the height is at its lowest

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17
Q

during terminal swing the hamstrings are eccentrically active to prevent what?

A

hyperextension of the knee

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18
Q

during terminal swing the glutes are active why?

A

to slow hip swing

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19
Q

quads become active during terminal swing why?

A

anticipation of weight acceptance (heel contact)

20
Q

flexion occurs at all joints during stance phase of stair walking. true or false

A

true

21
Q

extension of all joints occurring during swing phase of stair walking. true or false

A

true

22
Q

describe Trendelenberg gait

A

glute med & min weakness

in single leg stance, the opp hip drops

23
Q

describe antalgic gait

A

longer stance phase on the NON AFFECTED limb (shorter on non affected)

24
Q

what is circumduction?

A

movement pattern known as a combo of hip ABDUCTION and flexion to clear foot during gait

25
Q

what is vaulting ?

A

when the affected leg is in swing phase, the supporting leg goes up on toes

26
Q

describe trunk lean:

A

forward lean to move C of M over B of S for stability
contralateral side lean to allow clearance of swing leg
backward lean to move COFM behind BOFS for advancement of swing leg

27
Q

what is whole training?

A

walking with assistance

28
Q

what is part training?

A

breaking the walking cycle into parts (weight transfer, stepping back and forth)

29
Q

what are the 3 posterior deep leg muscles and which nerve supplies them

A

tibialis posterior, flexor digitorum longus, flexor hallucis longus
tibial nerve

30
Q

what nerve supplies the peroneus longus and brevis

A

superficial peroneal

31
Q

what are the 3 anterior lower leg muscles and what nerve

A

tib.ant, extensor digitorum longus, extensor halluces longus

deep peroneal

32
Q

what nerve supplies the quads?

A

femoral

33
Q

what nerve supplies the hamstrings?

A

sciatic

34
Q

what 2 nerves does the sciatic split into

A

tibial and common peroneal

35
Q

which 2 superficial posterior leg muscles are innervated by the tibial nerve

A

gastrocnemius and soleus

plantar flexors

36
Q

what actions do the peroneals do

A

evert and PF

37
Q

what is happening in heel contact(double support)

A

eccentric contraction - dorsiflexors
concentric- glut max, hamstrings, quads
knee in slight flexion

38
Q

mid stance: (single support)

A

highest point of height and potential energy
concentric= glut med & min (prevent collapse in frontal plane)
eccentric= planter flexors
knee near full extension decreasing requirement of quads

39
Q

terminal stance: Double support

A

concentric= glut max, planter flexors

40
Q

which 3 stages are involved in stance phase?

A

heel contact, mid swing, terminal stance

41
Q

which 3 are involved with swing phase ? (tib ant always active)

A

initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing

42
Q

initial swing:

A

concentric- hip flexors

43
Q

mid swing

A

concentric- dorsiflexors

44
Q

terminal swing

A

isotonic contraction of quads

eccentric= glutes, hamstrings

45
Q

if the left hip is affected due to weak hip abductors would you use a cane on the opposite side

A

yes

46
Q

what is a contractor

A

tissues stuck in a short position

module 4 102 (3 decks)

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