Gait

Question 1

average step length

Answer 1

14-16 inches

28-32 inch stride length

Question 2

average cadence

Answer 2

90-120 steps/minute

Question 3

what sex has a higher cadence?

Answer 3

women by 6-9 steps/minute

Question 4

where is most of the gait cycle spent?

Answer 4

in stance phase; foot in contact with ground and weight bearing; 60%
vs. swing: period where foot is not in contact with ground, non-weight bearing; 40%

Question 5

what is considered the gait cycle?

Answer 5

heel strike of one foot to the heel strike of same foot.

Question 6

most of swing phase is spent in what phase of swing?

Answer 6

terminal phase 35-45%

Question 7

if the right leg is in heel strike what is the left foot doing?

Answer 7

terminal stance

Question 8

if the right leg is in flat foot (or loading response) what is the left foot doing?

Answer 8

pre-swing

Question 9

what is the left leg doing when the right foot is in mid stance?

Answer 9

mid swing

Question 10

if right leg is in heel off what is left leg doing?

Answer 10

initial contact

Question 11

what is the left foot doing during toe off?

Answer 11

loading response

Question 12

what are the 5 requirements of gait?

Answer 12

stability in stance, foot clearance in swing, pre-position for initial contact, adequate step length, energy conservation

Question 13

stability in stance single limb support for a total of what percentage of gait cycle?

Answer 13

80%: 40% for each foot

Question 14

what does foot clearance in swing require?

Answer 14

ankle dorsiflexion, knee flexion, hip flexion, retain stability in stance

Question 15

what does the pre-position for initial contact consist of?

Answer 15

ready to absorb weight transfer, foot-ankle-knee in correct alignment, ready to place foot in desired location

Question 16

what would happen if the step length is too short?

Answer 16

expends energy and minimal progress made

Question 17

what would happen if the step length is too long?

Answer 17

lose balance, strain ligaments and muscles

Question 18

what is the purpose of pelvis list?

Answer 18

conserves energy that would otherwise have to be used to lift entire mass of leg

Question 19

what is pelvic list?

Answer 19

hip drops on weight bearing side about 2”

Question 20

how does the innominate rotate as foot moves forward for heel strike?

Answer 20

anteriorly

Question 21

what is the effect of this?

Answer 21

to “lengthen” femur

Question 22

how many degrees is in it rotated forward?

Answer 22

4 degrees

Question 23

how far does the pelvis shift laterally?

Answer 23

2”

Question 24

what is the purpose of the lateral hip displacement?

Answer 24

facilitates abduction of hip during stance

Question 25

what does an antalgic gait look like?

Answer 25

limp to avoid pain on wt-bearing structures; short stance phase on affected side

Question 26

what are common causes of antalgic gait?

Answer 26

trauma, osteoarthritis, pelvic girdle pain, coxalgia, tarsal tunnel syndrome

Question 27

arthrogenic gait look like?

Answer 27

stiffness in affected joint, plantar flexion of foot opposite side to increase clearance, affected leg is circumducted, step usually short

Question 28

common causes arthrogenic?

Answer 28

osteoarthritis, post orthopedic surgeries

Question 29

ataxic gait looks like?

Answer 29

broad base of support, unsteady, uncoordinated walk, loss of sensation or control, lurch or stagger, often watch feet when walking

Question 30

common causes ataxic?

Answer 30

vestibular, cerebellar abscess/hemorrhage, Friedreich’s ataxia, pontine-cerebellar atrophy, chronic mercury posioning, posterior fossa tumor, Wernicke’s syndrome (chronic alcohol abuse), drugs

Question 31

parkinsonian gait looks like?

Answer 31

small shuffling steps, hypokinesia (general slowness of movement) sometimes akensia= total loss of movement, speed and cadence rate increased

Question 32

steppage gait presentation?

Answer 32

full foot drop, hip raised very high to clear toe, usually a quiet gait

Question 33

what are some common causes of stoppage gait?

Answer 33

fibular n. injury as a result of: lumbar disc herniation (most common), poliomyelitis, multiple sclerosis, Guillan-Barre syndrome, Parkinson’s disease

Question 34

hemiplegic gait presentation?

Answer 34

leg stiff, no flexion, rotated away from the body and then toward= semicircle

Question 35

causes of hemiplegic gait?

Answer 35

strokes, spinal cord injuries

Question 36

what is the main difference between arthogenic and hemiplegic gait?

Answer 36

arthogenic gait includes plantar flexion of foot opposite that affected