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Kinesiology > Gait!! > Flashcards

Gait!! Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 3 functional tasks of gait?

A

weight acceptance,single limb support, and swing limb advancement

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2
Q

what are the component of weight acceptance

A

forward progression, stability (preventing collapse), shock absorption

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3
Q

what are the components of single limb stance

A

forward progression and stability

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4
Q

what are the components of swing limb advancement

A

foot clearance and limb advancement

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5
Q

define gait cycle.

A

initial heel contact of one foot to the heel contact of the SAME foot.

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6
Q

Describe the distribution of time spent in stance phase and swing phase. Dual limb and single limb?

A

Stance (60%)+(Swing (40%)

Single (80) +Double (20%)

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7
Q

Stride length

A

Distance between 2 successive heel contacts of same foot (2 steps)
Normal=1.48M and 1.32F

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8
Q

Step length

A

Distance between successive heel contacts of different feet> informs gait symmetry

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9
Q

degree of toe out

A

angle between the line of progression of the body and a line that goes through the heel and second toe; can accommodate to increase BOS
normal: 5-7

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10
Q

step width

A

the lateral distance between heel centers of 2 consecutive foot contacts
normal: 3.5 inches

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11
Q

what are the spatial descriptors of gait?

A

stride length
step length
degree of toe-out
step width

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12
Q

what are the temporal descriptors of gait?

A

stance time
stride time
step time
cadence

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13
Q

stance time

A

amount of time in stance phase

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14
Q

stride time

A

time for a full gait cycle, usually around 1 sec is normal

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15
Q

step time

A

time for completion of a R or L step -whichever is affected

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16
Q

cadence aka step rate

A

number of steps/min

normal: 111 steps/minM and 121 steps/minF

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17
Q

gait velocity (m/s or mph)

A

most relevant test of gait-walking efficiency

normal: 1.37m/s M and 1.32m/s F

18
Q

What are the 8 common terms of Rancho Los Amigos Terminology?

A

Stance Phase:
initial contact, loading response, midstance, terminal stance, Pre-swing

Swing phase:
initial swing, mid swing, terminal swing

19
Q

initial contact (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

critical event: heel first contact
muscles: hip ext, knee ext, ant tib A
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 20>5>0

20
Q

loading response (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

critical event: hip stability, controlled knee flex, and ankle PF
»shock absorbed, momentum preserved, flat foot
muscles: hip and knee ext, hip add, pretibials
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 20>15>5

21
Q

combined, what do IC and LR do functionally:

A 
weight acceptance
shock absorption 
stable base for the body to progress over 
GRF absorbed
Dual limb support
22
Q

midstance (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

critical event:controlled body and tibial advancement
muscles: abductors (hip), lessening ext (knee),PF (ankle)
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 0>5>5

23
Q

terminal stance (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

critical events; controlled DF with heel rise as body passes forefoot of stance limb
muscles : only the PF @ ankle
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 20>5>10

24
Q

preswing (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

weight transfer>second pd of dual limb support
critical events: passive knee flex to 40 degrees and ankle PF at 60, MTP ext

muscles: hip adductors, beginning pretib activation at ankle
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 10>40>15PF

25
Q

Initial swing

A

critical events: hip flexion and knee flexion to clear the floor
functional task:limb advancement
muscles: hip and knee flexors, pretibials

26
Q

mid-swing (critical event, functional task, muscles involved )

A

thigh advancing, knee extending
critical events: continued hip flexion and foot clearance
muscles: hip and knee flexors, pretibials
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 25>25>0

27
Q

terminal swing (critical event, muscles involved )

A

where the leg reaches to achieve step length
critical event: knee ext
muscles:hip and knee ext, pretibials
Position (hip,knee,ankle) : 20>5>0

28
Q

What phases make up weight acceptance?

A

Initial contact

loading response

29
Q

what phases make up single limb support?

A

mid stance and terminal stance

30
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with decreased great toe ext? What might have caused it?

A

observed: incomplete forefoot rocker, shortened stance phase
causE: joint hypomobility, plantar fasciitis, pain, bone spur, etc

31
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with steppage gait/increased knee flexion? What might have caused it?

A

observation: increased hip/knee flexion and no DF; prolonged swing
causes: foot drop, nerve disorder, equinus deformity

32
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with foot flat contact? What might have caused it?

A

observation: absent heel rocker> mid/forefoot contact ground first
causes: excessive knee flexion in late swing , weak DF

33
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with circumduction? ? What might have caused it?

A

observation: lateral whipping of the leg due to an elongated swing limb
causes: likely no knee flexion but at least impaired, impaired DF ROM

34
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with increased lordosis? What might have caused it?

A

observation: lack on hip ext in TS> lumbar lordosis for terminal stance phase
causes: hip flexor contracture, hip OA

35
Q

clinical application: what are the 5 characteristics of muscular dysfunction:

A 
weakness
loss of power
decreased endurance
spasticity
contracture
36
Q

Key roles of the ankle joint:

A

dorsiflexors: eccentric control of PF at IC
plantarflexors: eccentric control during tibial advancement; concentric @Tst
invertors: eccentrically control pronation until MSt; concentrically supinate for push off
evertors: co-contract to counter stronc inversion during LR/MSt

37
Q

Key roles of the hip joint:

A

extensors: initiate hip ext and prep for IC
flexors: advance LE during ISw; conc lift LE for toes clearance
abductors: eccentrically ctrl lowering of contrala pelvis + stability in stance
adductors: conc assist hip flexion after toe off

38
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with trendelenburg gait? What might have caused it?

A

observation: longer swing limb and potentially decreased stance time w/ excessive downward drop of contralat pelvis
causes: mild glute med weakness

39
Q

What might you observe in someone with compensated trendelenburg gait? What might have caused it?

A

observation: reduced Gmed demand by trunk lean over stance limb to level pelvis
causes: moderate to severe glute med

40
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with foot slap? What might have caused it?

A

observation: rapid PF after IC (can be audible) bc PF is unchecked by pretibials
causes: Tib ant weakness

41
Q

What compensations might you observe in someone with knee extension thrust? What might have caused it?

A

observation: rapis and excessive knee extension during LR
causes: quat spasticity for UMN lesion

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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