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Kinesiology > Ankle/ Foot > Flashcards

Ankle/ Foot Flashcards

1
Q

Describe the functions of the foot and ankle.

A

Weight-bearing.
Set up BOS that enables balance, foot serves as rigid lever for push in ambulation,
accommodation and shock absorption in ground contact

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2
Q

List the joints of the ankle/foot complex.

A

talocrural(true ankle joint), proximal and distal tib fib, subtalar,transverse tarsal joint, tarsometatarsal, metatarsal phalangeal, and interphalangeal

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3
Q

list the functional segments of the foot

A

hindfoot,midfoot, forefoot

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4
Q

what bones make up the hindfoot?

A

calcaneus and talus

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5
Q

what bones make up the midfoot?

A

cuboid, navicular and cuneiforms

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6
Q

what bones make up the forefoot?

A

metatarsals and phalanges

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7
Q

What is the closed-packed position of the proximal and distal tibiofibular joints?

A

maximal dorsiflexion

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8
Q

What is the open-packed position of the proximal and distal tibiofibular
joints?

A

10 degrees of plantarflexion

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9
Q

clinical app: high ankle sprain, syndesmotic ankle sprain

A

occurs when talus is forcefully LATERALLY rotated w/in ankle mortise; stretching or tearing of interosseous membrane or ant/post distal tibfib ligament

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10
Q

what are the limited motions of the proximal and distal tib fib joint?

A

ant/post glide
sup/inf glide
IR/ER

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11
Q

what is the function of the medial collateral (deltoid) ligament?

A

extremely strong and helps to limit eversion/pronation

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12
Q

what is the function of the lateral collateral ligament?

A

helps limit inversion/supination; weaker and more susceptible to injury

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13
Q

what 3 ligaments make up the lateral collateral ligament?

A

anterior talofibular ligament
calcaneofibular ligament
posterior talofibular ligament

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14
Q

what are the passive structure of the ankle?

A

MCL + LCL

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15
Q

what muscles support the MCL?

A

tibialis posterior, flexor hallucis longus, flexor digitorum longus

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16
Q

what muscles assist the LCL?

A

fibularis longus and brevis

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17
Q

Pair the osteo and arthrokinematics of the talocrural joint.

A

Dorsiflexion (think flex)- ant roll/post glide

Plantarflexion (think ext)-post roll/ant glide

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18
Q

what is the open pack position of the talocrural joint?

A

10 degrees plantarflexion with neutral inversion/eversion

19
Q

what is the closed pack position of the talocrural joint?

A

maximum dorsiflexion

20
Q

what are the ROM for dorsiflexion and plantarflexion respectively?

A

dorsiflexion: 20, plantarflexion: 50

21
Q

what is the capsular pattern at the talocrural joint?

A

plantarflexion> dorsiflexion

22
Q

list the 3 plantar arches

A

medial longitudinal
lateral longitudinal
transverse

23
Q

what is the “keystone” of the medial longitudinal arch? lateral? Transverse?

A

Talus ;cuboid; intermediate cuneiform

24
Q

what are the mobility functions of the foot arch?

A

dampen impact of weight bearing
dampen superimposed rotational motion
adapt to changes in supporting surfaces and terrains

25
Q

what are the stability functions of the foot arch?

A

weight distribution; interchange between flexible and rigid lever

26
Q

describe the windlass effect?

A

during propulsion of the foot, plantarflexors contract for heel rise, toe extension tenses the fascia inwardly to raise arch and create a rigid lever

27
Q

What are the main motions at the subtalar joint in WBing?

A

triplanar motion>
Supination @ ST joint: ABD +dorsiflexion/
Pronation @ ST joint: ADD +plantarflexion

28
Q

describe the subtalar joint (calcaneal positions) in nonweight-bearing supination and pronation.

A

Supination
calcaneus: inversion ADD /plantarflexion

Pronation:
calcaneus: eversion, ABD , dorsiflexion

29
Q

describe the calcaneus motion at the subtalar joint in non-weight-bearing supination and pronation.

A

Supination
calcaneus: inversion/ADD/PF
Pronation
calcaneus: eversion/ABD/DF

30
Q

what is the closed pack position of the subtalar joint?

A

full inversion

31
Q

what is the open pack position of the subtalar joint?

A

mid inversion/eversion and mid PF/DF

32
Q

what is the isolated ROM of the subtalar joint for eversion and inversion

A

5 degrees

33
Q

What joints make up the transverse tarsal joint? What function does it serve?

A

talonavicular and calcaneocuboid; adds to sup/pro ROM, compensation @ forefoot for hindfoot position in closed chain (keeping foot on ground)

34
Q

what is the open pack position of the transverse tarsal joint? closed pack?

A

midrange of sup/pro; supination

35
Q

what are ROM for inversion and eversion?

A

inversion:35 degrees
Eversion: 15 degrees

36
Q

what is the function of the tarsometatarsal joints?

A

regulating the position of the forefoot in relation to the weight bearing surface

37
Q

Describe hallux limitus.

A

gradual and significant loss of ROM, pain and articular degeneration often after forceful hyperext (turf toe)
normal ambulation eq: 45-55 degrees

38
Q

what are the 2 deformities outlined that may occur at the 1st MTP joint.

A

hallux limitus and hallux valgus

39
Q

Describe hallux valgus.

A

progressive lateral deviation and can lead to dislocation

40
Q

what is the function of the MTP joint?

A

WB: allow foot to rotate over toes through MTP ext when rising on toes or walking

41
Q

Define pes planus. What effect does this foot posture have on the the overall function of the foot?

A

abnormal drop in medial longitudinal arch-often due to laxity in fascia; compromises supination and stability

42
Q

Define pes cavus. What effect does this foot posture have on the overall function of the foot?

A

abnormally raised med longitudinal arch- often w/ excessive rearfoot inversion and forefoot eversion

43
Q

What role does the posterior tibialis muscle play in the stance phase of ambulation

A

gradual controlled lowering of med arch, absorbs some of the loading impact; excessive/rapid pronation places high demands on it; supinates hindfoot for stable toe-off

Kinesiology (7 decks)

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